Phosphine (PH3) fumigation has been widely used for controlling storedgrain insect pests, causing the development of resistance of stored-grain insect pests to phosphine. PH3 resistance in Sitophilus oryzae has been reported in Korea. However, PH3 resistance in Tribolium castaneum has not been reported yet. This study was conducted to determine susceptibilities of T. castaneum collected from five different domestic locations to PH3. The susceptibility to PH3 was investigated using the FAO fumigation method. All domestic T. castaneum individuals were controlled by PH3 at 0.04 g m-3. At 0.01 g m-3, T. castaneum collected from two domestic locations did not exhibit 100% mortality. A P45S point mutation in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld) gene was found in a PH3-resistant strain of T. castaneum (Aus07), but not in five domestic stains or a PH3-susceptible strain (Aus10). No significant difference was found in dld or cyt-b5-r gene expression across all tested strains. However, the Gyeongju-collected strain of T. castaneum showed more than a 1.7-fold increase in cyt-b5-r expression compared to the Aus07 strain. cDNA sequence analysis revealed that P45S (C133T) in the dld gene was only present in Aus07. A characteristic single nucleotide polymorphism in the cyt-b5-r gene sequence was identified in the five domestic strains. This study suggests that it is necessary to continuously monitor PH3-susceptibility of T. castaneum in Korea to quickly identify resistant individuals and prevent the spread of PH3 resistance through rapid control.

1. 서 론
2. 재료 및 방법
    2.1. 시험 곤충
    2.2. 시험약제
    2.3. 포스핀 감수성 평가
    2.4. dld 유전자 내 P45S 점 돌연변이 유전형 분석
    2.5. d ld, cyt-b5-r 유전자의 cDNA 서열 분석 및상대적 발현량 비교
    2.6. 통계 분석
3. 결 과
    3.1. 지역별 포스핀 감수성 평가
    3.2. 지역별 dld 유전자 내 P45S 점 돌연변이 유전형분석
    3.3. dld, cyt-b5-r 유전자의 발현량 비교
    3.4. dld, cytb5r 유전자의 cDNA 서열 분석
4. 고 찰
    4.1. 포스핀의 작용점
    4.2. 국내 거짓쌀도둑거저리의 포스핀 감수성
    4.3. 포스핀 저항성 발생 관리
적 요
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Declaration of Competing Interest
사 사
REFERENCES

• 김동현(경북대학교 응용생명과학과) | Donghyeon Kim (Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)
• 양진욱(경북대학교 농생명융합공학과) | Jinuk Yang (Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)
• 박준영(경북대학교 농생명융합공학과) | Junyeong Park (Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)
• 김봉수(농림축산검역본부 식물검역기술개발센터) | Bongsu Kim (Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea)
• 김준란(농림축산검역본부 식물검역기술개발센터) | Jun-Ran Kim (Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea)
• 이성은(경북대학교 응 용생명과학과, 경북대학교 농생명융합공학과) | Sung-Eun Lee (Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea, Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author