Desmidiales (Conjugatophyceae, Charophyta) are commonly found in freshwater ecosystems and exhibit high species diversity, particularly in acidic wetlands, lakes, swamps, and peat bogs. They possess a distinctive morphology characterized by symmetrical semicells, and their wide variation in cell shape and size presents challenges in species identification due to high morphological plasticity. Although 832 species of Desmidiales have been reported in Korea, phylogenetic studies have been limited to only a few taxonomic groups. This study focused on investigating species-level relationships among Desmidiales using strains from the Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection (FBCC), integrating morphological characteristics, ecological data, and original species descriptions. A total of 352 new plastid gene sequences were generated for phylogenetic analyses, including accD (30), atpA (42), atpB (22), ndhH (37), petA (37), psaA (32), psbA (44), psbC (1), psbD (39), rbcL (40), rpl2 (19), and rpoB (9). Among the 12 plastid genes analyzed, psbA showed the highest proportion of conserved sites (83.9%), while petA exhibited the highest proportion of variable sites (38.7%). Based on the combined phylogenetic analysis, Desmidiales were grouped into five major clades: Cosmarium Clade-1: Cosmarium punctulatum, Cosmarium sp. 1, Cosmarium Clade-2: C. blyttii, C. botrytis, C. costatum, C. ochthodes, C. pachydermum, C. subcostatum, C. subcrenatum, C. subprotumidum, C. trilobulatum, Cosmarium Clade-3: C. angulosum, C. formosulum, C. granatum, C. impressulum, C. norimbergense, C. regnellii, C. subtumidum, Cosmarium sp. 2, Staurastrum Clade-1: Staurastrum avicula var. lunatum, Staurastrum Clade-2: S. boreale, S. dispar, S. kouwetsii, S. margaritaceum, S. punctulatum. The newly generated sequence data from FBCC strains will serve as a valuable resource for accurate species identification and for exploring the molecular ecology of Desmidiales in freshwater ecosystems. This phylogenetic framework improves our understanding of Desmidiales species diversity in Korea and aids in achieving a more comprehensive taxonomic resolution within this algal order.

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 재료 및 방법
    2.1. 배양주 확보 및 형태형질 분석
    2.2. 유전자 정보 확보 및 계통분석
3. 결과 및 고찰
    3.2. 물먼지말목 색소체 유전자 데이터 특성
    3.3. 물먼지말목 색소체 다유전자 유합계통수
적 요
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Declaration of Competing Interest
사 사
REFERENCES

• 이재학(국립낙동강생물자원관 담수생물자원은행) | Jae Hak Lee (Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection (FBCC), Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37182, Republic of Korea)
• 조복연(국립낙동강생물자원관 담수생물자원은행) | Bok Yeon Jo (Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection (FBCC), Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37182, Republic of Korea)
• 김유호(국립낙동강생물자원관 담수생물자원은행) | Yu Ho Kim (Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection (FBCC), Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37182, Republic of Korea)
• 정유진(국립낙동강생물자원관 담수생물자원은행) | Eu Jin Chung (Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection (FBCC), Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37182, Republic of Korea)
• 남승원(국립낙동강생물자원관 담수생물자원은행) | Seung Won Nam (Freshwater Bioresources Culture Collection (FBCC), Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37182, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author
• 전가영(한국해양과학기술원 기후대응, 생태연구부, 과학기술연합대학원대학교 해양학과) | Ga Yeong Jeon (Ocean Climate Response & Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea, Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea)
• 유영채(한국해양과학기술원 기후대응, 생태연구부, 과학기술연합대학원대학교 해양학과) | Yeong Chae Yoo (Ocean Climate Response & Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea, Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea)
• 양은찬(한국해양과학기술원 기후대응, 생태연구부, 과학기술연합대학원대학교 해양학과) | Eun Chan Yang (Ocean Climate Response & Ecosystem Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea, Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author