Alcohol is metabolized to acetaldehyde and acetate mainly by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Acetaldehyde accumulation is a key factor in hangover symptoms and alcohol-induced toxicity. In this study, we have investigated the effects of a Morning Care series on ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism in male and female mice. Blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations, ADH and ALDH activities in the blood and liver, and hepatic gene expression were measured at multiple time points after ethanol administration. EX PREMIUM, a hangover-relief beverage developed by Dong-A Pharm, significantly reduced blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations and enhanced ADH and ALDH activities, accompanied by the upregulation of ADH and ALDH gene expression. These effects were consistently observed in both sexes. These results have suggested that EX PREMIUM effectively promotes alcohol metabolism, facilitates acetaldehyde clearance, and may contribute to alleviating alcohol-induced toxicity and hangover symptoms.

Abstract
Introduction
Material and Methods
    Food item manufacturing report
    Animal tests
    Ethanol assay
    Assays of ADH and ALDH activities in liver ofSD rats
    Determination of relative expression of ADHand ALDH genes using real-time PCR
    Statistical analysis
Results
    Evaluation of blood ethanol and acetaldehydeconcentrations
    ADH and ALDH activities in male and femalemice
    Expression of the ADH and ALDH genes inthe liver of male and female mice
Discussion
ORCID
References

• Hyo Keun Kim(Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea)
• Yu Seong Ham(Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea)
• Chanjin Yoon(Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea, Institute of Natural Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea)
• Chul-Su Yang(Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea) Corresponding author