A Study on the Systematic Construction of the Use Obligation for Registered Trademarks in China
Under China’s registration-based trademark system, the long-standing tendency to value registration over actual use has led to serious issues such as malicious squatting and excessive hoarding. The true significance of a trademark lies in its use rather than its registration. This paper examines the relevant Chinese trademark laws and regulations to identify the root causes underlying the obligation to use registered trademarks. Drawing on international legislative experience and aligned with China’s institutional context, it adopts the entire life cycle of trademark rights—from creation to extinction—as the logical framework to systematically construct the normative forms of the use obligation across the stages of acquisition, maintenance, disposition, and remedies, thereby realising a coherent and systematised structure. Specifically: (1) at the acquisition stage, a declaration of intent to use should be introduced; (2) at the maintenance stage, the requirements of the “three-year non-use cancellation” system should be clarified while the “statement of use” system should be abolished; (3) at the disposition stage, the transfer of unused trademarks should be restricted; and (4) the non-use defense in infringement cases should be improved. Amidst the fifth amendment to China’s Trademark Law, this study aims to contribute to the construction of the rule of law in China’s trademark system.
在中国实行商标注册取得制的背景下,长期存在着“重注册、轻使用”的做法,导致 商标恶意抢注、囤积现象严重。商标的价值在于其使用,而非注册。本文通过检视中国注 册商标相关法律法规,识别注册商标使用义务之症结所在,在吸收国际立法经验并契合中 国制度实际的基础上,以商标权自产生至消灭的全过程为逻辑主线,系统建构商标权取 得、维持、处分及救济各阶段中商标使用义务的规范形态,从而实现商标使用义务制度的 体系化与内在协调。具体如下:其一,在权利取得阶段,建立商标使用意图说明制度。其 二,在权利维持阶段,一方面要对“撤三”制度中商标使用义务的要求予以明确;另一方 面将不适应中国实际需要的“说明商标使用情况”制度予以舍弃。其三,在权利处分阶 段,限制未经实际使用商标的转让。其四,完善未使用商标的侵权抗辩机制。正值中国 《商标法》第五次修订之际,希望通过本文的研究,为中国商标法治建设贡献一份力量