한인진에 대한 항산화 효과와 항균 효과를 알아보기 위하여 추출용매별 고형분 함량을 측정하여 본 결과 물 추출물에서 18. 1%로 가장 많은 고형분을 얻을 수 있었으며 메탄올, 에탄을 추출물에서는 12. 8%, 12. 6%로 별 차이가 없었다. 항산화 효과를 알아보는 방법 중 DPPH 소거효과를 이용하여 측정하여 메탄올 추출물이 36.2μg/ml로 가장 효과 좋았지만, 대두유에 대한 한한인진 추출물의 항산화 효과를 60℃로 20일간 저장하면서 과산화물가(POV)를 측정하여 대두유를 기질로 한 저장시험 에서 1,000ppm 농도의 물추출물과 메탄올 추출물이 저장 기간이 20일 되었을 때 46.8(meq/kg, 50.8(meq/kg)의 과산화물가를 나타내 대조구의 과산화물가 79.1 (meq/kg)에 비해 낮았다. 식품의 부패균이나 식중독의 원인균으로 알려진 세균 4종을 대상으로한 항균실험에서는 추출 용매에 따른 항균력은 에탄올 추출물이 가장 좋았으며 세균에 대한 항균력으로는 Vibrio parahaemolyticus에 대해 가장 좋았다. 한인진의 간보호 효과 시험에서는 한인진 추출물을 경구투여한 V, IV군의 간무게, 체중에 대한 간무게의 비율이 생리 식염수만을 투여한 III군보다는 낮았으나 시료 채취전후로 한인진 추출물을 경구투여한 V군과 IV군사이에는 별다른 차이점이 없었다. 예방효과를 알아보기 위해 10일간 실험을 실시한 결과 한인진 물추출물만을 단독 투여한 VI군의 체중은 계속 증가하였으나 한인진 물추출물을 계속 투여한 다음 시료 채취전에 사염화탄소를 투여한 VIII군의 간무게, 체중에 대한 간비율이 대조군 VII보다 다소 감소하였다. 병리학적인 소견으로 한인진추출물을 투여 한 군에서는 사염화탄소만 투여한 군보다 간세포의 괴사와 지방적의 축적이 감소하여 사염화탄소에 의한 간독성에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

An on-line digestion system based on the flow injection analysis technique was presented for the determination of total phosphorus. The system converts condensed and organic phosphoruses into orthophosphate that can be analyzed spectrophotometically. The reaction between orthophosphate and ammonium molybdate in a strong acid medium forms the yellow complex of phosphomolybdate which is next reduced to a molybdic blue complex by stannous chloride. The quantitation of orthophosphate is based on the absorbance of the molybdic blue. To determine total phosphorus, the digestion system was installed between the sample injector and the reaction coil with the added lines of digestion solution(potassium persulfate+sulfuric acid) and the H_2O carrier. The system has shown that the digestion efficiencies were greater than 95% for the typical condensed and organic phosphoruses. When tripolyphosphate standards were used, the calibration data showed that the linear dynamic range extended to a concentration of 1.5ppm with the detection limit of 25 ppb total phosphorus. The typical relative standard deviation was less than 2%. The proposed system was successfully applied to lake water, wastewater, and streamwater. The analytical variables such as digestion efficiency, analysis time, and reproducibility were evaluated and compared with the manual digestion method.

Phosphorus and nitrogen loadings from the main tributaries into the Nakdong River were estimated by measuring phosphorus and nitrogen concentration in the main tributaries, Nakdong River(Kangjung), Kumho River, Heichun, Hwang River, Nam River, Milyang River, and Yangsanchun from May 1994 to October. Total phosphorus concentration of Kumho River was vary high, average 1.0 ㎎P/ℓ. The other rivers were the range 0.05∼0.15 ㎎P/ℓ. Total nitrogen concentration of Kumho River was vary high, average 6.27 ㎎N/ℓ. The other rivers were the range 1.5∼3.0 ㎎N/ℓ. The phosphorus loading from Kumho River, Nakdong River(Kangjung), Nam River, Milyang River, Hwang River, Yangsanchun, and Heichun were calculated to be 1,108, 603, 198, 57, 34, 23, and 21 tP/yr, respectively. Therefore, the loading from Kumho River accounted for 45 % of total loading, 2,042 tP/yr. The nitrogen loading from Nakdong River (Kangjung), Kumho River, Nam River, Milyang River, Hwang River, Heichun, and Yangsanchun were calculated to be 12,636, 7,411, 2,611, 1,523, 779, 608, and 391 tN/yr, respectively. Therefore, the loading from Nakdong River(Kangjung) and Kumho River accounted for 50 % and 30% of total loading, 25,959 tN/yr, respectively.

The reaction rate, equilibrium, and flow injection analysis methods were fundamentally evaluated for the determination of aqueous ammonia. The selected indophenol blue method was based on the formation of indophenol blue in which ammonium ion reacted with hypochlorite and phenol in alkaline solution. In the optimized reaction condition, the reaction followed 1st order reaction kinetics and the final product was stable. The absorbance measurements before and after the equilibrium were utilized for the reaction rate and equilibrium methods. The reaction rate methods, based on the relative analytical signals for the possibility of eliminating interferents, were shown to have good linear calibration curves but the detection limit and the calibration sensitivity were poorer than those in the equilibrium method. The detection limits were 32-49 ppb and 24 ppb for the reaction rate and equilibrium methods, respectively. In the flow injection analysis, the absorbance was measured before the equilibrium reached and thus resulted in 30% reduction of calibration sensitivity. However, the detection limit was 11 ppb, indicating that the peak-to-peak noise for the blank was remarkably improved. Compared to the manual methods, the optimized experimental condition in a closed reaction system reduced the blank absorbance and the inclusion of ammonia from the atmosphere was prevented. In addition, highly reproducible mixing of sample and reagents and analytical data extracted from continuous recording showed excellent reproducibility.

일본의 초.중등학교의 교육과정은 문부성에서 발표하는 학습지도요령에 따라 운영된다. 또한, 학교교육에서 평가는 초.중등학교의 지도요록을 위주로 평가가 이루어지고 있다. 학교에서 학생의 평가는 크게 교과와 행동 및 성격의 2분야로 나눌 수 있다. 다시, 교과는 교과의 평정과 관점별 학습상황으로 나누어지며 각 교과는 5단계(소학교 1, 2학년은 3단계)로 평정한다. 또, 각 교과벼로 관점이 정해져 있고, 관점별 학습상황을 평가하고 있다. 국어과를 예로 들면, 언어에 관한 지식.이해, 표현능력(작문, 말하기), 이해능력(읽기, 듣기), 글씨쓰기, 국어에 관한 관심.태도로 세분화되어 있다. 뛰어난 관점은 +로 뒤떨어지는 점을 -로 평가한다. 따라서 교과의 평정은 우리나라와 같이 5단계이지만, 좀 더 세분화하여 평가한다고 볼 수 있다. 학생들의 행동 및 성격의 평정도 뛰어난 것은 +로, 특히 지도를 요하는 것은 -로 평정하고 있다.