아가, 청자, 대원의 세 가지 콩 품종이 톱다리개미허리노린재의 발육과 생식이 미치는 영향을 실내에서 비교하였고, 또한 이 세 가지 품종 간에 야외 발생소장을 비교하였다. 실내 실험에서 약충의 발육기간은 아가, 청자, 대원콩에서 각각 평균 14.5, 14.0, 14.6일이였고, 약충의 사망률은 각각 40.0, 51.3, 55.7%였다. 발육기간에서는 통계적 차이가 없었지만, 사망률에서는 아가콩에서 유의하게 다른 두 품종보다 낮았다. 성충의 생식능력으로 7일 동안 암컷이 산란한 알의 총 개수의 평균은 각각 67.8, 68.0, 67.7개였으며 통계적 차이는 없었다. 야외조사는 안동시 풍산면 소재 친환경 인증 포장에서 아가, 청자, 대원을 각각 3반복의 라틴방각법으로 배치하여 재배하였다. 7월 13일부터 10일 간격으로 8회 동안 알, 약충, 성충의 수를 각 처리구에서 임의로 30주를 조사하였다. 조사기간 전체 동안 발생 수는 알의 개수가 아가, 청자, 대원콩에서 각각 평균 18.3, 23.0, 23.7개, 약충은 각각 평균 8.0, 11.3, 17.3마리, 성충은 각각 평균 7.3, 21.3, 15.7마리가 조사되었다. 톱다리개미허리노린재의 알과 약충에서는 통계적인 차이가 없었지만, 성충은 아가에서 가장 적게 발생하였다. 이상의 결과로 새로운 품종인 아가콩은 다른 두 품종에 비해 톱다리개미허리노린재의 유충 생존율을 높였지만 성충의 발생은 다른 두 품종에 비해 적음을 알 수 있었다.

Chrysanthemum flower model trap (CFMT) developed to attract the flower thrips was evaluated for its optimal trap density that is required to manage the population of flower thrips in a strawberry greenhouse. CFMTs were installed in different rates per unit area (10m×5m), i.e., control (no trap), low (5 traps), medium (10 traps), and high (20 traps), in three different strawberry greenhouses at Namhoo, Andong. From each plot, 10 flowers were sampled every week from 16 May 2008 to 6 June 2008. Five traps were also randomly collected from each plot every week to record the number of flower thrips trapped. The seasonal number of both female and male thrips collected in the flowers was significantly lower in the plots with high density of traps compared to the control. In the plot with medium level of traps, less seasonal number of male F. intonsa were found in the strawberry flowers compared to the plot with low level of traps or control. When the numbers of thrips in the flowers were plotted against the numbers of thrips trapped in the CFMTs, significant correlation was found in female thrips only. However, there was no significant difference in seasonal number of male and female thrips trapped in the CFMTs randomly collected from the plots among the treatments. In conclusion CFMT used in medium or high density in the strawberry greenhouse reduced infestation of F. intonsa in the flowers and can be a good addition to integrated pest management tactics against anthophilous thrips.

The absolute age of lapilli tuff in sedimentary formation that contains dinosaur fossils in the Boseong area, Korea was determined radiometrically against volcanic rocks below and above the fossil-bearing horizons. The sanidine in the lapilli tuff below the fossil-bearing horizon (Seonso formation) has an 40Ar-39Ar age of 81.l±1.4Ma. The Pilbong tuff above Seonso formation has an 40Ar-39Ar age of 81.0±2.4Ma. An andesite dyke intruding all sedimentary units yields an 40Ar-39Ar age of 42.4±2.5Ma. Thus 81 Ma age can be regarded as the best estimate for the age of the Seonso Formation and the associated the dinosaur eggs. This age correlates well with dinosaur fossil finds in the Haenam and Koseong regions of Korea. The occurrence of dinosaur eggs and clutches attests to the existence of dinosaurs in southern Korea at least inCampanian times.

Batch sorption experiments were carried out for the removal of metylene blue from its aqueous solution using H3PO4 activated Acacia arabica carbon (AAC). The prepared activated carbon was characterized and was found as an effective adsorbent material. The operating variables studied were initial metylene blue concentration, AAC concentration and solution pH. AAC activated carbon posses a maximum sorption capacity for the range of initial dye concentrations studied (60~100 mg L-1). The sorption kinetics were analyzed using reversible first order kinetics, second order, reversible first order, pseudo-first order, and pseudo-second order model. The sorption data tend to fit very well in pseudo-second order model for the entire sorption time. The average pseudo-second order rate constant, KII and regression coefficient value were determined to be 0.0174 mg g-1 min-1 and 0.9977. The biosorption process also fit well to reversible I order kinetics with a regression coefficient of 0.9878.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of the UR Agreement on Agriculture in terms of commitment of major area and agricultural trade performance and to explain some issues of the current WTO’s Doha negotiation on agriculture with a prospect of the DDA negotiations.One of the great achievements of the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations was to bring agricultural sector of individual countries to the mainstream of GATT disciplines. Although the evaluation on the performance of the new trading rules under WTO seems differ between exporting and importing countries of agricultural products, the experience of implementing the URAA has revealed several weakness and shortcomings in agricultural reforms. Therefore agricultural sector will remain as an important negotiation area in the WTO DDA round. The ongoing DDA negotiations on agriculture will likely result in further reductions of trade-distorting domestic subsidies and termination of export subsidies as well as substantial reduction of tariffs and expansion of the market access.

From 1997 to 2007, in order to fight for its so-called “international room,”Taiwan continuously endeavored to try and squeeze into the Word Health Organization (Hereinafter referred to as the “WHO”). However, the outcome has always been disappointing for Taiwan due to the diplomatic endeavor of the People’s Republic of China. In 2007, the fight especially attracted the world’s attention because Taiwan bid for membership to the WHO instead of observer status for which it had previously been bidding. In fact, Taiwan’s request for WHO membership had a big impression on the world and the reason why Taiwan has had a great interest in the WHO is not to engage in meaningful participation within the WHO, as propagandized by Taiwanese authorities, but to eventually acquire recognition as an independent state.1 Although Taiwan has failed to achieve its goals for 11 years, accession to membership of the WHO has been, and still will be, a political goal pursued by Taiwanese authorities. The question is whether this goal can be backed from a legal perspective. It is submitted that the answer is“ No.”

Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is economically important pest of various crops causing damage through direct feeding and transmitting tospoviruses. In a previous study differential responses of the thrips to various geometrical patterns of yellow sticky card were found. Therefore, in this study, we compared the behavioral responses of the thrips to visual and olfactory cues in cylindrical black box and Y-tube olfactometer, respectively. Multiple or pair wise choice tests were carried out among/between six geometrical patterns of yellow color paper and artificial flowers. The thrips preferred circular shape to other geometrical patterns in multiple choice test. In pair wise choice test between three geometrical patterns, i.e., circular, rectangle, and modified circular, and artificial strawberry flowers, the thrips showed preference to the yellow artificial flower than any other cues. The thrips resided on the yellow artificial flower almost 4 times more than other patterns. In Y-tube olfactometer test, higher number of the thrips chose the arm with p-anisaldehyde and artificial flower compared to the arm with only the artificial flower. Higher number of the thrips also chose the arm containing both visual and real flower odor as compared to arm with the only real flower odor. The potentials and application of these results in the development of attraction traps for the thrips management have been discussed.

Spectral line profiles of filaments/prominences to be observed by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) are studied. The main spectral lines of interests are Hα Ca II 8542, and Ca II K. FISS has a high spectral resolving power of 2 x 105, and supports simultaneous dual-band recording. This instrument will be installed at the 1.6m New Solar Telescope (NST) of Big Bear Solar Observatory, which has a high spatial resolution of 0.065" at 500nm. Adopting the cloud model of radiative transfer and using the model parameters inferred from pre-existing observations, we have simulated a set of spectral profiles of the lines that are emitted by a filament on the disk or a prominence at the limb. Taking into account the parameters of the instrument, we have estimated the photon count to be recorded by the CCD cameras, the signal-to-noise ratios, and so on. We have also found that FISS is suitable for the study of multi-velocity threads in filaments if the spectral profiles of Ca II lines are recorded together with Hα lines

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was a main substance as an endothelial cell specific mitogen. This acts sometimes as an antiapoptotic factor. It plays an important role in the embryo development as well as implantation process. This review introducesthe function and distribution of the VEGF and its receptors related to the development of mammal embryos.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of VEGF on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. The base medium for IVM, TCM-199 was supplemented with 0.6 mM cysteine, 0.91 mM pyruvate, 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, kenamycin, insulin and 10% (V/V) porcine follicular fluid (pFF) as a Group A; Group B was consists of Group A plus 5 ng/ml VEGF; Group C was consists of replacement of pFF by 10% PVA and Group D: was consists of Group C plus 5 ng/ml VEGF. 1. The maturation rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in control and VEGF+pFF group than other two groups (, respectively). 2. Addition of VEGF without pFF showed a negative effect on oocytes maturation and about 58.26% oocytes were reached to M-II stage. 3. In the parthenogenetic development, the cleavage rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in control and VEGF+pFF group (, respectively) than other groups (, respectively). 4. The blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in VEGF+pFF group () compared to control and other groups. 5. There was no significant difference in cell numbers (inner cell mass or trophectoderm) among these groups.