The long-period gravity wave, the wave period from some ten seconds to some minutes, induces not only the big sway of a ship moored and berthed in the harbor due to the horizontal long-distance motion of a water but also strong exfoliated flow and vortices near the harbor entrance. They muse serious problems on the safety navigation of vessels entering and leaving the harbor, but this gravity wave has not been searched sufficiently yet. Then it is quite important to reveal the characteristics of this long-period gravity wave ana to solve various problems induced by this wave. The long-period gravity wave measurement system with arrayed buoys installed the kinematic GPS was already proposed, which provides the precise propagating direction of the long-period gravity wave. In this paper, the observation results of the wave measurement system are shown by the MUSIC method And the propagating wave direction was estimated precisely enough in comparison with other results used other method.

It can be said that the relationship between the maneuvering ability of operators and the navigational environment affects the safe degree of navigation in the collision avoidance situation. In order to reduce the occurrence probability of accident and to maintain the safety, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between human behavior and navigational environment. In this study, therefore, we analyzed and discussed the relationship between the maneuvering characteristics and the safety focused on human behavior as a fundamental factor of marine accidents using ship handling simulator and questionnaire. As a result, we concluded that navigational environment changes variously and the maneuvering ability of operators also varies with the navigational environment, and the ship handling characteristics strongly affect the occurrence probability of accident.

초대교회 시대부터 현재에 이르기까지 예배에 있어서 시편은 계속적으로 중요한 위치를 차지해 왔다. 시대에 따라 연주법과 작곡법이 다르고, 노래하는 사람이 성가대이거나 독창자, 혹 회중 등으로 다를 수는 있지만 예배를 위하여 시편이 필요없다고 여겨진 세대는 분명히 없었다. 수세기 동안 로마 카톨릭 교회에서는 예배의 모든 순서를 그레고리오 성가에 따라 노래하였으나, 약 10세기부터 지극히 단순한 다성음악이 생겼으며 13세기부터는 3성부나 4성부로 된 모테트 형식이 발전되었다. 그리고 15세기말쯤이 되어서야 시편의 말씀을 가지고 다성 음악으로 작곡한 작품들이 보이게 되었다. 카톨릭 교회의 리터지 에서는 예배시간마다 시편 5곡을 이용하였고 루터교, 성공회, 개혁교회 및 다른 신 교회에서도 17세기쯤부터 역시 많은 곡을 필요로 했다. 시편을 사용한 이러한 긴 역사 속에서 음악작곡법이 수없이 변형되었고 이것은 많은 작곡가들에게 언제나 새로운 자극이 되었다. 무반주 성악 폴리포니 양식에서 반주부가 달린 독창과 합창을 위한 풍부한 형식까지 매우 많은 양의 교회음악 문헌이 되었다. 본 논문은, 시편송 장르에 매우 많은 양의 작품이 있는 것 같다고 생각하여 이에 대해 확실히 알기 위해 구체적인 연구를 시작하게 되었다. 일년이 넘는 기간 동안 연구한 결과, 방대한 수의 작품이 작곡되었다는 것은 알게 되었지만 확실한 곡 숫자를 알아보는 것은 매우 힘들었다. 가장 큰 이유는 대부분의 참고문헌에서 많은 작곡가의 곡 목록이 나오고 그 중 중요하게 여겨지는 곡들을 일일이 언급한 다음 “그 외에도 모테트 100여곡, 시편송 55곡, 다른 교회용 음악도 작곡하였다”는 식으로 소개가 되어 있으므로 무슨 시편송에 의한 곡인지 전혀 알 길이 없었기 때문이다. 따라서 이런 내용들을 이 논문에도 기입할 수 없었던 것은 유감스러운 사실이다. 확실히 알 수 있는 시편송의 곡 숫자는 4480곡이다. 제일 인기 있는 시편은 51편(677곡), 110편(404곡), 113편(251곡), 117편(207곡), 112편(189곡), 111편(168곡), 100편(159곡), 130편(148곡)이다. 하지만 이렇게 많이 작곡하게 된 곡들 중에서도 각 세기마다 똑같은 반응이 나타나지는 않는다. 그것은 분명히 역사의 흐름에 따라 각 시대가 시편의 내용을 다른 눈으로 보았던 것과, 개인과 기독교 공동체의 신앙변화와 뚜렷한 관계가 있는 것으로 보인다.

This experiment was conducted to know the characteristics of kernel growth as affected by various temperature regimes during grain filling using the varieties Hwaseongbyeo, Ilpumbyeo and Chucheongbyeo. The rice plants tested were grown in the natural condition at 1/5000a Wagner pots until flowering. After flowering, the rice plants were moved to controlled temperature conditions in a phytotron. The minimum/maximum daily temperature in the phytotron was controlled by 12/18, 15/21, 18/24, 21/27, and 24/30~circC , respectively. The grain weights were measured every three days after treatment. The mean daily kernel growth rate during active grain filling period showed different responses among varieties under various temperature regimes. The kernel growth rate of Chucheongbyeo was seriously reduced as temperature regimes were decreased. However, that of Ilpumbyeo was not influenced so critically. Ilpumbyeo showed some advantages in grain filling under low temperature regimes compared to Chucheongbyeo. The lag phase in grain filling of Chucheongbyeo was the longest among tested varieties, followed by Hwaseongbyeo under daily mean temperature regime of 15~circC . Kernel weight of Ilpumbyeo increased fast in early grain filling phase under low temperature. This characteristic may be favorable for grain filling in temperate zone where the daily mean temperature is drastically dropped during grain filling period. Regression analysis with kernel growth rate and temperature showed the estimated critical low temperature for grain filling among varieties were 9~circC , 12~circC , 13~circC in Ilpumbyeo, Hwaseongbyeo and Chucheongbyeo, respectively. Under moderate temperature the duration of grain filling of Ilpumbyeo was longer than that of Chucheongbyeo. However, Under low temperature that of Ilpumbyeo was more favorable than Chucheongbyeo.

The shoot tip and young leaf of Rhodiola sachalinensis were cultured to invest the plant growth regulator condition for callus induction, shoot and root regeneration. When the shoot tip was sterilized in 2.0% of NaOCl for 20min., the contamination rate was the lowest. And the survival rate of the culture material was good in carbenicillin 500mg/L treatment group. Callus was obtained from shoot tip and young leaf segments. NAA 0.1-1.0mg/L and 2,4-D 0.1-0.5mg/L alone treatment were shown to have a good response on callus induction from shoot tip culture. In the case of young leaf culture, NAA and 2,4-D 0.1-0.5mg/L alone treatment were good in callus induction. In culturing shoot tip NAA 0.5mg/L and BA 0.5mg/L, NAA1.0mg/L and BA 0.lmg/L combination treatment was good in shoot regeneration. The regenerated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BA combination treatment. Especially, NAA 1.0mg/L and BA 0.1mg/L combination treatment was effective for root regeneration.

Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a perennial herbaceous plant which grows very slowly. It takes about 3 to 4 years from seeding to collecting the ripe seeds and the ginseng propagation is very difficult. and so, it is very difficult to breed ginseng plant. Ginseng tissue culture was started from at 1960, and ginseng commercial product by in vitro callus culture was saled, however upto now, regenerants were not planted to soil normally. Recently, plant genetic engineering to produce transgenic plants by introducing useful genes has been advanced greatly. In a present paper, transformation of ginseng plants was achieved by co-cultivation with Agrobacterium harboring the binary vector coding Proteinase-II gene, which confer resistant or tolerant to insect pests, The binary vector for transformation was constructed with disarmed Ti-plasmid and with double 35S promoter. The NPT II gene and introduced genes of the transgenic ginseng plants were successfully identified by the PCR. Especially the transgenic ginseng plants were regenerated using new techniques such as repetitive single somatic embryogenesis.

Genetic diversity of 45 tea accessions from Korea, Japan, China and Taiwan was investigated by using RAPD analysis. Out of the eighty primers screened, twenty primers generated 99 polymorphic bands with a polymorphic rate 87.0%. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from about 3,138 bp to 520 bp. By cluster analysis, all of the 45 accessions can be grouped into five groups. Over 90% of the 32 Korean accessions belonged to group II, III, IV and V. Moreover, newly developed Korean cultivars (accession no. 13, 14 and 15) belonged to very different group compared with any other Korean accessions. Among the Korean accessions, the minimum genetic similarity 0.500 was obtained between accession no. 17 and 37 and the largest genetic similarity 0.912 between no. 20 and 21.

Using Agrobacterium-me야ated transformation method the auxin-regulated cotton GST (Gh-5) constructs were used to transform Rehmannia glutinosa L. The PCR analysis was conducted to verify transgenicity. Based on the PCR analysis, there was verified that the 988 bp DNA band had showed in transgenic plant genomes in PCR anaJysis using Gh5-1 and Gh5-2 primers. The effects of cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, regeneration and selection conditions on the transformation efficiency of Chinese foxglove (Rehmannia glutinosa L.) were investigated. Factors such as cocultivation period, use of acetosyringone, postcultivation in darkness, and different kanamycin concentrations for selection were assessed. In vitro regeneration, the number of leaves, shoot lengths and numbers on MS medium were superior to on B5 and WPM medium, and the shoot formation rate was highest level of 95% in cultured base part containing leaf stalk. Addition of acetosyringone at concentration of 200μM to cocultivation medium and 3-day of cocultivation improved transformation frequencies. Exposure of explants to darkness for 4 weeks on selection medium resulted in further increased the regeneration frequency of transgenic shoots. In PCR analysis, the amplified fragments of Gh5 gene were detected (988 bp), and GST-expressing transgenic R. glutinosa L. plants had approximately three-fold higher activity in leaf extracts compared with control plant.

본 연구는 무대공연 전 상태불안을 측정하기 위한 척도를 개발하기 위하여 실시되었다. Smith 등(1990)이 개발한 스포츠 경쟁불안 설문지를 토대로 본 연구자가 무대공연 전 상태불안에 맞도록 문항을 수정 보완하여 제작된 20개 문항에 대한 요인탐색과 구조적 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하기 위하여 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석, 그리고 Cronbach`s α계수수를 구하였다. 연구대상자는 무용인 238명으로 하였으며, 공연 30분전에 측정을 하였다. 본 연구에서 탐색적 요인분석 결과 수정 개발된 질문지는 총 20문항에서 1차 14개 문항에 3개요인, 2차 12개 문항에 3개 요인이 탐색되었으나 구성된 문항 내용상 개념에 문제가 있어 3차 요인 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 8개 문항에 인지불안과 신체불안 등 2개의 요인구조로 구성되었다. 이에 대한 구성 타당도 검증을 위해 14개, 12개, 8개 문항에 대해 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과 2개요인 8개 문항의 구조가 가장 적합한 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 본 연구 결과로 볼 때 스포츠를 대상으로 제작된 검사도구를 참고로 수정 제작하였기 때문에 충분한 문항이 수렴되지 않았으며, 스포츠에서 느끼는 불안의 정도와는 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 추후의 연구에서는 보다 개방된 문항을 수집하여 문항을 제작하고 이에 대한 요인을 탐색하여 척도를 개발하는 것이 필요하다고 본다.

최근 스포츠 심리학에서 건강심리(health psychology)영역이 매우 높은 관심을 보이고 있다. 특히 운동요법(movement therapy)을 통하여 정신건강에 큰 도움을 주는 연구가 많다. 본 연구에서는 운동요법 중에서도 한국 고유의 전통적인 방법을 선정하여 총 5개의 임상실험을 하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비만 여고생을 대상으로 수영요법을 적용한 결과 신체적 자기 효능감이 높아졌고, 둘째, 정신적 장애아를 위한 태권도요법을 사용한 결과 pre-motor Reaction Time과 Reaction Time이 감소되었으며, 셋째, 신체적 장애자를 위한 무용요법을 적용한 결과 신체화, 강박증, 우울, 불안 등의 정신건강 증상이 감소되었다. 넷째, 정상인 대학생을 대상으로 단전호흡 수련을 시킨 결과 상태불안, 특성불안, 심박수, 수축기 혈압 등이 감소하였고, 다섯째, 중학생 양궁 선수 경기력 향상을 위하여 단전호흡을 시킨 결과 양궁기록과 심폐지구력이 향상되었다.

Effects of shaking, medium consistency and anther density on polyhaploid production in two wheat cultivars, Pavon and Chris, were studied using a modified 85D12 medium. Pavon produced more calli in shaking and more albino plants tban Chris. However, Chris produced threefold more green plants than Pavon in non-shaking treatment. More calli and green plants were derived from non-shaking treatment than those from shaking treatment. Anthers were cultured on both liquid and semi-solid 85D12 media, using two anther densities, 48 and 96 anthers per plate. Although Pavon generally produced more calli and albino plants than Chris, Chris produced more green plants than Pavon. More green plants were derived from semi-solid medium than those from liquid medium. A factor that may affect plant regeneration from anthers is the length of time on initiation medium. Most of the calli for both genotypes were transferred during the first two time periods. Fertility, as measured by seed set, was determined for all surviving regenerated plants. About 24% of Chris and Pavon anther-derived green plants in the experiment of medium consistency and anther density produced seed.

Germination efficiency, such as days to germination and conditions for the hybrid seeds, was tested after hybrid seeds were sown on the medium. Seeds were germinated from 67 to 126 days after seeding in all cross combinations, and germination condition was different among hybrid combinations. There was big difference on days to germination based on the different media, that is, days to germination in the hyponex medium was shorter than that in the Knudson C medium. Mutants such as MMS and NaN3 were used to cause mutation. Germination occurred with 0.1 % NaN3 and MMS. However, even though germination occurred in other treatments (0.01 % and 0.2% of NaN3 and MMS), brownish phenomenon was intense, or did not proceed and got worse after 4-5 months of seeding. In addition, it was performed to choose appropriate medium for the growth of Cymbidium rhizome whose media adaptability is more different than other orchids. Different concentration of NAA and Kinetin was used. As a result, C. goeringii hybrid showed difference for the concentration of NAA and Kinetin combination.

Higenamine [1-(4-hydroxy-6, 7-dihydroxy-l, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) is a cardiotonic constituent of Aconiti tuber, one of the most widely prescribed oriental medicines. S-(-)higenamine was reported to have a stronger cardiotonic activity than R-(+)-higenamine and known as a central intermediate in the biosynthesis of various benzyl isoquionoline alkaloids in plants. The separation of higenamine enantiomers has been accomplished with capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins (CDs) as chiral selectors. Good resolution of this enantiomers was obtained using a 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer containing hydroxypropyl β-CDs using 27 cm fused silica capillary (50μm i.d., 20 cm to detector) at 25 ℃. With the electric field of 340 V/cm, the separation time of higenamine enantiomers was less than 6 min. Under this optimum conditions, the relative standard deviations of migration time and peak area were less than 1.6% and 3.2%. A 512-channel diode array detector was confirmed for the higenamine. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of these enantiomers are 1.5mutextrmm/mL. We confirmed the chiral form of higenamine in medicinal plants.