Using the photographic imagery of the SO galaxy NGC 5102, the equivalent luminosity profile and the fractional integrated luminosity curve have been derived. Several photometric parameters of the galaxy, such as a total magnitude ( B T ), equivalent radius ( r ∗ e ), effective surface brightness ( μ ∗ e ), and concentration indices ( C 21 , C 32 ) were derived from the luminosity profiles. According to the decomposition method from the nonlinear least squares fitting, photometric parameters of the bulge ( μ e , r e ) and the exponential disk ( μ ( 0 ) , α − 1 ), and the bulge to total luminosity ratio (B/T) were obtained. The derived central disk surface brightness ( μ ( 0 ) = 22.06 ± 0.18 m a g / □ " ) and the evaluated B/T ratio (= 0.52) of the NGC 5102 are close to the mean values ( μ ( 0 ) = 21.65 ± 0.3 m a g / □ " , B/T=0.63) of the SO galaxies. Analysis showed that a lens-like hump is embedded in the equivalent luminosity profile of the NGC 5102.

We test an evolution of a giant void using an N-body simulation. We find the void expansion is faster than the rest part of the universe and the shape of an isolated aspherical void becomes more spherical as it evolves.

Korean economic growth in exports has been phenomenal in the past two decades. This paper deals with a series of export studies of small- and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Korea which look at export behavior and the conditions which influence export sales in these firms. Profiles of the firms are provided, in addition to discussions of the key influences on initiating exports, channels selection, profitability, and attitudes toward exporting.