With the paramount importance of key account management in business-to-business relationship, today companies are using this approach as a strategic weapon in their selling efforts targeted at the most important customers to solve their complex requirements with special treatment that eventually ensures both parties’ financial and nonfinancial objectives. The aim of this paper is to investigate the level of key account management performance among the export-oriented readymade garments companies in Bangladesh with regards to company’s experience in business, size of the company and key account serving capacity of the company. Using a questionnaire, data from 112 readymade garments companies in Bangladesh were collected and analyzed using descriptive analysis and ANOVA to test the level of key account management performance. Results show that the level of key account management performance by the garments companies did not vary by the company’s experience in business and size of the company respectively. In contrast, the level of key account management performance was found to be different concerning high, medium, and low customer service capacity. Apparently, companies with big number of customers show better performance than companies with small number of customer. Implications for this study are discussed along with suggestions for future research avenues.

The study is aimed at investigating the main factors that affect the interest rate yields, in the long-term. In addition, the study surveys the theories and literature relating to the determinants of interest rate. The importance of which is essential not only for governments, but also for banks and corporate financial risk management decisions, including risk exposures in banks and capital markets. Interest rate influences corporate profit as well as growth. For this purpose, the study examines the impact of budget deficit, risk-free rate, capital inflows, money supply and business cycles on real interest rate in Jordan. These factors are based upon well-established theories and straightforward practical view as interest rate determinants. Using data for (1990-2015), the study employed Johansen’s co-integrating test, which takes into consideration the long-term unsynchronized relationships. The data is tested for normality, symmetric correlations, covariance diagonal and unit root. The results show that the government budget deficit, short-term risk-free interest rate, capital inflows, money supply and business cycle are long-term determinants of the real interest rate in Jordan. The coefficients of government budget deficit, short-term risk-free rate, money supply and business cycle all are inversely affecting the real interest rate, while capital inflows has a positive impact on the real interest rate.

국내의 하천에는 많은 수의 보가 설치되어 있으며, 이러한 특성은 국외에서는 흔하지 않은 편이다. 흐름이 보와 같은 구조물을 통과하는 경우에는 불연속 흐름이 발생하게 되며, 수치모의 측면에서는 흐름항과 생성항의 균형 등의 문제로 수치적 안정성에 많은 영향을 준다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 경험식이나 해석기법의 단순화 등에 의존해 왔으며, 최근에 들어서는 보다 정확한 수치해석기법을 이용하려는 연구가 꾸준히 수행 되고 있다. K-River는 국내의 하천 특성을 반영하고, 불연속 흐름을 보다 정확히 계산하기 위한 목적으로 개발되었다. K-River의 검증을 위하여 1) 하상융기가 존재하는 개수로 수치실험 모의, 2) 도수현상 실내실험 모의, 3) 실제 하천의 수문 사상 모의를 수행하였다. 모든 모의에서 해석해 및 관측치와 유사한 결과를 모의하여 K-River의 적용성을 검증하였다.

In this study, water quality data of eight main sites in the Geumho River watershed were collected and analyzed for long-term changes in water quality over the period from 2005 to 2015. The results showed that BOD concentration was gradually improved by the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL), stages 1 and 2. Recently, a tendency of increasing BOD concentration was observed in the downstream section of the river. The concentration of COD was analyzed to be contaminated throughout the water system regardless of the water quality improvement project, and the TN concentration tended to increase in the midstream of the river from 2013. The TP concentration has clearly decreased from 2012 after the second stage of TMDL. For the statistical analysis of PCA ordination, monthly water qualities (pH, DO, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Water Temperature (WT), BOD, COD, TN, TP, TOC, and SS) and flow rate data for 5 years from 2012 to 2016 were used. Seasonally the Geumho River showed an increase in the TN concentration at point sources during the dry season (December to February). TP showed the effect of non-point sources in the summer, because rainfall has caused a rise in flow rate in the upstream. Besides, the origin of pollution source was changed from non-point sources with BOD, COD, and TOC.

본 연구에서는 적응적 분할격자기반 2차원 침수해석모형 K-Flood를 개발하였다. 분할격자기법은 흐름 특성을 기반으로 격자를 분할하여 흐름영역과 비흐름영역으로 구분하는 격자생성기법이며, 분할격자기법과 격자세분화기법을 동시에 활용하면 매우 적은 수의 격자로 복잡한 형상의 흐름 영역을 표현할 수 있어 효율적인 모의가 가능하다. 특히 최근 도시홍수에 대해 매우 정밀한 해상도의 자료와 격자를 이용하여 보다 정확한 침수해석 또는 예보를 하고자 하는 시도가 늘어나고 있으며, K-Flood는 이러한 복잡한 흐름영역의 계산 시 적응적 분할격자를 활용하여 효율적인 격자생성이 가능하다. 공간 및 시간에 대해 2차 정확도의 유한체적 수치해법이 적용되었다. K-Flood의 검증을 위해 2차원 침수해석모형의 검증에 널리 사용되고 있는 1) 원형 실린더에 의한 충격파 반사 모의, 2) 도시홍수실험 모의, 3) Malpasset 댐붕괴 모의를 수행하였다. 모든 모의에서 관측자료 및 과거의 모의결과와 비교하여 성공적으로 K-Flood의 성능을 검증하였다.

양송이 유통에 적합한 필름 포장방법 연구를 위해 저장온도 및 필름 산소투과도에 따른 양송이 품질변화를 분석하였다. 실험에 이용된 필름은 PVC와 OPP(OTR 1,000, 6,000, 10,000, 20,000 mL/m2/day/atm)이고 저장 온도는 4, 8, 12, 20℃로 설정하였다. 분석 결과, 중량감소율은 대조구, PVC, OPP 순으로 높았다. 갓 개열은 온도 별로 결과가 다르게 나타나 8℃ 이상에서 필름 처리구의 갓 개열 억제 효과가 나타났고 12℃에서는 필름 내부의 산소 농도가 낮을수록 억제 효과가 높은 경향이었다. 필름 중 OPP20000은 20℃에서 갓 개열 억제 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 대 신장은 모든 온도에서 전반적으로 필름 처리구가 대조구에 비해 억제되었으나 예외적으로 OPP20000은 대 신장이 대조구보다 오히려 촉진되는 결과였다. 조직의 경도는 필름 중 OPP1000이 다른 처리구에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 버섯의 내외부 색도는 모두 OPP 필름의 버섯이 대조구와 PVC에 비해 색 변화가 큰 경향이었다. 전반적으로 OPP는 중량감소, 갓 개열, 대 신장, 조직 경도에서 대조구에 비해 품질이 유지되는 효과가 있었으나 온도 및 산소투과도에 따라 효과의 차이가 있었고 OPP20000은 조직 생장 억제와 관련된 효과가 나타나지 않았다. OPP1000과 OPP6000은 OPP 중 조직 생장 억제에 가장 효과적이었으나 내부 단면에서 조직손상 및 수침 현상과 같은 장해가 나타났다. 한편 PVC 필름은 중량감소, 갓 개열, 대 신장이 대조구에 비해 변화가 적었고 내외부 갈변은 OPP보다 변화가 적어 전반적인 품질변화가 적은 것으로 분석되었다.

Mushrooms have been widely cultivated and consumed as foods and herbal medicines owing to their various biological properties. However, few studies have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of mushrooms. Here, we investigated the effects of mushroom extracts (MEs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). First, we extracted MEs with either water or ethanol. Using LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, we measured cell proliferation and NO production. Gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β was assessed by RT-PCR, and protein abundance of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and phosphorylation of p65 were determined by immunoblotting. MEs prepared using both water and ethanol inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Nitric oxide (NO) levels induced by LPS were reduced by treatment with MEs. Isaria japonica Yasuda water extracts and Umbilicaria esculenta (Miyoshi) Minks ethanol extracts significantly decreased the mRNA expression of inflammation-related cytokine genes including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Similarly, the protein abundance of iNOS and COX-2 was also decreased. The phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of nuclear factor-κB was at least partly suppressed by MEs. This study suggests that mushrooms could be included in the diet to prevent and treat macrophage-related chronic immune diseases.