This study was conducted to estimate the effect of different cutting lengths on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of whole crop rice (WCR) silage. The WCR was harvested at the yellow ripe stage (43.7%, DM), and then cut at 5 (R05), 10 (R10), and 20 cm (R20) of the theoretical length of cut with no cut WCR (R60). Each forage was ensiled into 20 L mini bucket silo (5 kg) for 150 days in quadruplicates. The cutting lengths were not affected the chemical compositions of WCR silage (p > 0.05). The pH (p < 0.001) and concentration of ammonia-N (p = 0.022) in WCR silage were increased linearly with the increase of cutting length. The concentration of lactate had quadratic effect (p = 0.007), which was highest in R20 silage (p < 0.05). The concentration of acetate was increased linearly (p = 0.014), but the concentration of butyrate was decreased linearly (p = 0.033). The lactic acid bacteria count was decreased linearly (p = 0.017), and yeast count had quadratic effect (p = 0.009), which was the highest in R20 silage (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability had strong quadratic effect (p < 0.001), which was the highest in R20 silage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, R60 silage had highest pH by a linear increase of ammonia-N concentration and led to low aerobic stability. While R20 silage had the lowest pH by high lactate concentration and led to high aerobic stability.

Arcuphantes catillus n. sp., a new species of the genus Arcuphantes Chamberlin and Ivie, 1943 is described from Korea. The present species is distinguishable from its known similar congeners by a conspicuous proximal process and a blunt lateral process of the paracymbium, feathery tipped lamellar extension of the pseudolamella, and bowl-like posterior part of radix. The present new species was collected from the leaf litter layer of mixed forest on a hillock around rice fields with a pitfall trap.

‘Pink Bell’ 품종은 초세가 강건하고 잎마름병 및 엽소피해에 강하며 꽃이 큰 백합 신품종을 개발하기 위하여 2010년도에 충남농업기술원 태안백합시험장에서 종간교배한 OT(Oriental hybrid × Trumpet hybrid)백합이다. 교배모본으로는 복색(백색+적색)의 OT백합 ‘Nymph’ 품종을, 부본으로는 백색의 오리 엔탈백합 ‘Rialto’ 품종을 주두절단수분법으로 교배하여 종자배양을 하였고 2011년부터 2013년까지 인편배양을 통한 증식 및 하우스에 육묘에 의하여 구근생산을 하였으며, 2014년도에 우수계통(OT14-4)으로 선발하였다. 2017년부터 2019년도까지 3년동안 ‘Nymph’ 품종을 대조품종으로 하여 자연재배를 통한 특성검정을 실시하였으며, 2018년 화훼연구소의 백합 육성계 통 평가회을 통해서 최종 선발되어 ‘Pink Bell’로 명명한 후 충 청남도종자위원회 심사를 거쳐 국립종자원에 품종보호출원을 하였다. ‘Pink Bell’ 품종의 자연개화는 중부지역에서 6월 18일로 ‘Nymph’ 품종과 별차이가 없었고 초장은 150.6츠로 큰 편이었다. 분홍색 반점에 복색(백색+분홍)의 꽃색과 사발모양의 화형을 나타내었다. 재배에 있어서는 생육단계별 영양분 시비, 잎마름병과 진딧물 등 병해충 방제와 및 하우스 환기 등 주기적인 재배관리로 고품질의 절화생산이 가능하다.

The young shoots of Aralia elata, Chaenomeles sinensis fruit and Glycyrrhizae radix are edible and traditionally used as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. The present study was performed to investigate the protective effect of an ethanol extract mixture of these three medicinal plants (ACG) against amyloid β protein (Aβ) (25– 35)-induced memory impairment in an ICR mouse model. Memory impairment was induced by intracerebroventricular microinjection of 15 nmol Aβ (25–35) and assessed using the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test. The step-through latency in the passive avoidance test was decreased and the latency to reach the hidden platform in the Morris water maze test was increased in mice treated with Aβ (25–35), indicating memory impairment. This memory impairment induced by Aβ (25–35) was significantly prevented by chronic treatment with ACG (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, p.o., 8 days). In memory impaired mice brain, cholinesterase activity and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, a lipid peroxidation marker, were increased and glutathione level was decreased. These biochemical changes in Aβ (25–35)-treated mice were reversed by chronic administration of ACG. The present results suggest that antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities of ACG might be responsible for the inhibition of Aβ (25– 35)-induced memory impairment and that ACG preparation may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

가상 현실은 몰입감과 존재감을 극대화시킬 수 있다는 장점이 있어 비디오 게임, 교육, 치료 목적을 가진 다양한 콘텐츠에 널리 활용되고 있다. 또한 GearVR, DayDream, Occulus Quest 2 등의 HMD 등이 개발됨에 따라 가상 현실은 널리 보급되었다. 그러나 이러한 장비들을 사용하면 사용자가 실제 물리적인 세계를 볼 수 없다는 단점이 있어 실제 물체와 충돌하거나 넘어지는 위험한 상황에 빠질 수 있다. 만약 사용자가 시스 루 HMD를 사용하면 실제 물리적인 세계를 볼 수 있으므로 물체를 피할 수 있고 이러한 위험을 피할 수 있 는데 이러한 시스루 HMD는 광학 기반 방식이나 비디오 기반 방식으로 분류된다. 이러한 광학 기반 HMD는 렌즈를 통과하는 물리적 물체들을 볼 수 있지만 비용 문제가 있으며 비디오 기반 HMD는 비용과 카메라의 원본 이미지에 다양한 가상 효과를 추가할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 장점들을 활용하여 저 렴한 비용으로 게임에 활용될 수 있도록 개발된 시스루 HMD를 설명하였으며 해당 HMD를 활용하는 게임 을 설명하였다. 본 논문을 통하여 개발된 비디오 시스루 HMD를 통해 더 많은 사용자가 저렴한 비용으로 혼합 현실 기반 게임을 즐길 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

We study galaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping in the Virgo cluster to examine whether we can identify any discernible trend in their star formation activity. We first use 48 galaxies undergoing different stages of stripping based on Hi morphology, Hi deficiency, and relative extent to the stellar disk, from the VIVA survey. We then employ a new scheme for galaxy classification which combines Hi mass fractions and locations in projected phase space, resulting in a new sample of 365 galaxies. We utilize a variety of star formation tracers, which include g - r, WISE [3.4]-[12] colors, and starburstiness that are defined by stellar mass and star formation rates to compare the star formation activity of galaxies at different stripping stages. We find no clear evidence for enhancement in the integrated star formation activity of galaxies undergoing early to active stripping. We are instead able to capture the overall quenching of star formation activity with increasing degree of ram pressure stripping, in agreement with previous studies. Our results suggest that if there is any ram pressure stripping induced enhancement, it is at best locally modest, and galaxies undergoing enhancement make up a small fraction of the total sample. Our results also indicate that it is possible to trace galaxies at different stages of stripping with the combination of Hi gas content and location in projected phase space, which can be extended to other galaxy clusters that lack high-resolution Hi imaging.

Many small and medium-sized manufacturing companies process various product types to respond different customer orders in a single production line. To improve their productivity, they often apply batch processing while considering various product types, constraints on batch sizes and setups, and due date of each order. This study introduces a batch scheduling heuristic for a production line with multiple product types and different due dates of each order. As the process times vary due to the different batch sizes and product types, a recursive equation is developed based on a flow line model to obtain the upper bound on the completion times with less computational complexity than full computation. The batch scheduling algorithm combines and schedules the orders with same product types into a batch to improve productivity, but within the constraints to match the due dates of the orders. The algorithm incorporates simple and intuitive principles for the purpose of being applied to small and medium companies. To test the algorithm, two case studies are introduced; a high pressure coolant (HPC) manufacturing line and a press process at a plate-type heat exchanger manufacturer. From the case studies, the developed algorithm provides significant improvements in setup frequency and thus convenience of workers and productivity, without violating due dates of each order.