Investigation of the environmental impact of widespread pesticide use has revealed a virtue/vice relationship. Although many pesticides perform their function and disappear without harm to the environment, others persist beyond their useful purpose and cause direct of indirect hazard to man, domestic animals and wildlife. Concurrently, many pests have rapidly adjusted to chemical control practices through changes in behavior that avoid exposure to pesticides of throuth genetic selection for populations resistant to the toxicants. The prospect of losing control over insect herbivores and desease vectors and returning to the days of global hunger and disease is unthinkable. Fortunately, from basic studies of insect and plant biology many opportunities for the development of safe, selective and environmentally pacific strategies for insect pest management are being realized.

As the technology of rice production in Korea has rapidly developed and progressed over the last few years, many problems in rice production have been solved. But with the introduction of new genetic material, the increased use of pesticides, higher fertilizer rates and closer plantings, new problems are beginning to emerge. The brown plant hopper outbreak in 1975 resulted to a great extent from some of the changes in management practices. Some rice diseases and nutritional problems that have existed in Korea but have not been considered of serious consequence, are now becoming increasingly severe and possibly as limiting as the hopper outbreak in 1975. Other diseases and nutritional problems are completely new and their cause and significance have not yet been adequately defined. In this discussion there is no Intention to state, nor is there evidence to support a statement, that any of these problems are going to be limiting factors in the future production of rice on the Korean peninsula. Rather this is an attempt to bring together some of the current field problems in Korean rice so that they can be discussed and where necessary receive suitable consideration for research and control.

이 글은 한 세기 이상 계속되고 있는 성결운동과 오순절주의 분리를 다루면서, 그 사이의 논쟁에 대해 밝히는 역사신학적인 논문이다. 이 새로운 운동(오순절)이 시작된 후 교리적인 논문들이 증가했는데, 이는 양쪽(성결 운동과 오순절)에서 쓰인 종교 신문기사와 신학논문들은 “말싸움”이었고, 두 운동사이의 거리를 더욱 증가시키는 것을 의미했다. 두 운동(성결과 오 순절)의 외부학자들과 종교지도자들은 두 운동의 차이를 이해할 수 없었지만, 성령세례에 대한 새로운 가르침과 최초의 증거로서의 방언은 두 운동 을 구분할 수 있는 경계를 형성하였다. 미국 켄사스의 토페카(Topeka)로부 터 서쪽으로 확산되어 캘리포니아의 로스앤젤레스(Los Angeles)까지, 그리 고 다음으로 극동지역(아시아)까지. 4권의 교리서들(양측에서 2개씩)은 그 분열의 수사학을 이해하는 방법을 제시하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 마지막으 로 이 글은 결론으로 대화와 화해의 수단으로써 세계 복음주의와 세계 기독교를 제시하고 있다.

The 1830s was a crucial decade within the shifting context of American religious culture in the nineteenth century. This changing context had an influence on the way religious conversion was viewed, especially on the Frontier. One significant religious leader in this period was Alexander Campbell (1788-1866). In an attempt to position himself in relation to both Calvinist and Arminian theologies, Campbell was further required to respond to the growing tide of both revivalism and restoration in America. In the end, with the rise and spread of both revivalism and Joseph Smith and the Latter-day Saints on the American frontier, Campbell offered his own morphology of religious conversion. Based upon his reading of the Scriptures, he proposed “immersion” as the spiritual act that procures religious conversion in the individual. Campbell’s The Christian System (1839) offers a full reading of his view of religious conversion, being the most systematic of his written theological statements. Within the pages of The Christian System, Campbell develops an apologia for religious experience, one that he identifies as biblical and at the same time avoids two perceived extremes: “Enthusiasm” (revivalism) and “delusion” (Campbell’s response to Joseph Smith and the Latter-day Saints).

Among the theories of the atonement in the church’s history is the Pentecostal-holiness view of healing in the atonement. The North American Pentecostal Holiness Church emerged historically from both the Holiness movement and Methodism, yet there was a very strong connection with Evangelicalism, especially with A. J. Gordon and A. B. Simpson. In the 1920s, the doctrine of divine healing that brought wholeness to believers’ bodies caused a church schism. Some adherents believed that divine healing was to be without any assistance from medical science or “remedies” as they termed it. Also, there were episodes of civil disobedience associated with divine healing when some parents were arrested for “criminal neglect” by failing to allow medical care for their minor children. Anointing with oil and prayer for the sick is considered to be a kind of sacrament among Pentecostals. It is hoped that a more inclusive reading of the traditions of church history will include the Pentecostal-holiness view of divine healing in the atonement.