These acts of unfair trades are increasing in our capital market and especially the occurrences of new type of unfair trades cast attentions on same fields for example manipulations disguising hedge in Knock-out option trade etc. Elements of some crimes in which unfair trades result are composed of requirements objective and subjective, in that case the latter is more important than the former.We could prove it the satisfaction of objective elements by comparing the share price produced by manipulations with original price. But it is very difficulty that we prove the satisfaction of subjective elements because it is inward intentions.When intending on manipulations, the intention is represented by inducing transactions. Inducing transactions is usually so unrevealed that unless a criminal confesses his intentions, we should prove it by assembling indirect evidences and total circumstances.Crimes in manipulations fields are developing without halts. In order to cope with its revolutions, we should make flexible applications of inducing meaning and establish concrete legal basis focused on specific features according to trading shares in each stage. Further more it is necessary to abolish one of several subjective requirement that is inducing through a future revision of law.

본 연구는 기업 이미지를 형성하는 요소인 ‘안정성’, ‘신뢰성’, ‘친근성’, ‘명성’, ‘사회공헌’을 바탕으로 기업 이미지의 구성요인인 ‘이미지 연상 강도’, ‘이미지 호의성’, ‘이미지 차별성’이 개별 브랜드 신뢰에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보았으며 기업 이미지가 소비자 대안평가 시 지각된 위험과 구매의도에 직접적인 인과관계가 있는지를 알아보았다. 그리고 개별 브랜드 신뢰가 소비자의 브랜드 대안평가 시 지각된 위험을 낮춰주는가와 실제 구매의도를 높여주는가를 연구하였다. 가설 검증은 증권회사 자산관리서비스를 이용하는 거래고객 263명의 설문을 토대로 구조방정식모델을 통해 실증 분석하였다. 결론적으로 개별 브랜드 가치를 강화하기 위해서는 기업 이미지의 제고가 선행되어야 하며 브랜드 신뢰를 바탕으로 소비자 대안평가의 상대적 우위를 점유하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 향후 자산관리서비스 시장에서 증권회사와 고객과의 관계 형성에 이용될 수 있는 브랜드 관리의 구성적 모델을 제공하고 보다 지속적이고 장기적인 형태로 발전시킬 수 있는 평가 기준으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

As a matter of fact, the document which has been developed to resolve the obvious conflicts between the interests of buyer and seller is the bill of lading. The bill of lading provides the seller with some security against default by the buyer and the buyer with some assurance of performance of the seller before the buyer is required to make payment. So to speak, the B/L provides some extent protection for both seller and buyer. This is a study on the construction of Liner Bill of Lading(Code name : CONLINEBILL) adopted by BIMCO(The Baltic and International Maritime Conference) and is using a basic bill of lading in the liner ship's operation. In this study, the writer makes a wider and deeper study of rights and obligations of Contract Parties by means of the rules of construction, specially focusing the Carrier's liability under Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971(COGSA 1971), Hague-Visby Rules and Korea Commercial Law.