The antioxidant capacities, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total quercetin contents (TQC) of a red (Chenjujuck), a yellow (Sunpower), and a white (Grasier) onion cultivar were determined in this study. Onion was separated into edible portion and dry skin. In the case of edible portion, the yellow onion had the highest antioxidant activity, followed by the red onion. The white onion showed neither antioxidant activity nor quercetin compounds. On the other hand, the dry skin of the red onion showed higher antioxidant activity than yellow onion skin. The white onion skin had slight antioxidant activity, low TPC, and no quercetin compounds. In addition, the flavonoid compounds of the edible portion and dry skins of these colored onions were analyzed by UFLC(ultra-fast liquid chromatography). The major compounds were quercetin 3,4-diglucoside and quercetin 4- glucoside in yellow and red onion edible portion, whereas the major compounds in yellow and red onion skins were quercetin 4- glucoside, quercetin, and quercetin 3,4-diglucoside.

This study explored the factors that lead college-level EFL adult learners to participate productively in speaking in a Content Based Instruction (CBI) course. Having investigated how the classroom tasks and environments scaffolded the learners to participate, the study considered factors for motivating students to engage in classroom discussion in spontaneous, voluntary speaking. The findings of this study are discussed through a sociocultural approach. Based on an analysis of the classroom observation and interview data, the study suggests that scaffolding devices and classroom environment play a significant role in encouraging and promoting output performance. The study suggests that four types of scaffolding should be available for a CBI course to facilitate participation in a spontaneous speaking mode: clear guidelines for comprehension and participation; tasks appropriate for the learners’ cognitive and linguistic level; an emotionally supportive environment formed by rapport among classmates; and instructional aids to increase motivation and willingness to participate.

농진청에서 수행하고 있는 아프리카 국제협력프로그램인KAFACI 사업의 일환으로 우간다 등 8개국에 ‘통일형 다수성벼 품종개발’ 사업을 추진하고 있다. 이를 위해 아프리카에서정상적인 생육과 수량을 나타내는 다수성 통일형 품종인 밀양23호와 아프리카의 재래종인 O. glaberrima를 이용하여 밀양23호의 유전적배경을 보유한 근동질 계통인 BC4F1을 육성하고, 약배양을 통해 유전적 고정계통을 육성하였다. 이 중 50개계통을 우간다에서 생물검정을 실시한 결과, 아프리카에서 문제시되는 Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV), Bacterial LeafStreak(BLS), 흰잎마름병 및 도열병에 복합저항성인 계통으로판명되었다. 특히 RYMV에 대한 저항성은 저항성원이 결여되어 있는 병으로 본 연구를 통해 육성한 계통들은 향후 아프리카에 적응하는 내병성 다수성 품종개발에 유용한 재료를 활용 될 것으로 생각된다.

Medical mushroom, Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii called as “Sanghwang” have cultivated in Korea. PL has been studied extensively for its extraordinary capacity of suppressing cancer or enhancing body immunity. The mycelial materials of PL have mainly been used as research samples worldwide because fruiting bodies was difficult to be artificially cultivated. Alternatively, P. baumii (variety, ‘Jangsu’) have been cultivated in Korea. However, fruiting body morphology of P. baumii is clearly different to that of PL. Generally, Phellinus spp. including P. linteus slowly grow on artificial medium such as Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). In contrast, P. baumii strains were rapidly grown on the artificial media when compared to other Phellinus spp. and thus it was considerable that its mycelial growing ability can be acted as a factor for producing fruiting bodies. This study aimed to find Phellinus isolates having high mycelial growth rate. Five Phellinus isolates that show rapid growth rate on YGM medium were selected from 36 Phellinus isolates collected in Korea. They were identified on nucleotide sequences of rDNA-ITS region. Phellinus linteus strain and Phellinus spp. showing mycelial growth rate comparing to P. baumii were characterized on cultural and bioactive characteristics (antioxidant activity and immune activation).

SCPs on larvae and eggs of red-spotted apollo butterfly, P. brimeri were measured according to the method of Kim and Kim (1977) with a thermocouple, BTM-4208SD (LT Lutron, Taipei, Taiwan), to detect the release of the latent heat of fusion as body water freezed. SCP of larvae during March goes below –27.4±1.7℃ and egg scp during November goes –47.2±1.0℃. In order to identify the reason of the difference(-17℃) between egg and larva we took photographed egg through scanning electron microscope (COXEM EM-30, Korea). Chorion of P. bremeri were 100.1㎛, Papilio machaon and Sericinus montela in same family was 10.8㎛, 5.5㎛ respectively. P. bremeri was 10 times, 20times thicker than another species within the same family .

The intradermal test (IDT) has been developed for confirming diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). Prior to performing IDT, rapid immunoassay (Allercept E-screen 2nd generation; ES2G) can detect allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in canine serum. The objective of this study was to evaluate agreement between IDT and immunoassay in diagnosis of CAD in domestic atopic dogs. Forty dogs were diagnosed with CAD in accordance with Favrot’s criteria. Intradermal testing was performed using 39 selected allergens. ES2G detected IgE antibodies specific for three allergen groups, including indoor allergens, grasses and weeds, and trees. Among 19 dogs diagnosed by IDT, the highest positivity was observed in house dust mites, followed by molds, epidermis and inhalants, house dust, and weeds. A total of 28 atopic dogs were evaluated by rapid ES2G immunoassay. Indoor allergens showed the strongest positive reaction, followed by grasses/weeds and trees. IDT and ES2G were performed concurrently in 17 dogs. The results of ES2G showed slight agreement with those of IDT. Level of agreement was highest for indoor allergens, which showed a predictive positive value of 100% in ES2G. These results indicate that a rapid immunoassay may be valuable for predicting the results of IDT in atopic dogs sensitized to indoor allergens.

Rutin은 메밀에 함유되어 있는 것으로 잘 알려져 있는 flavonoid 물질로서, 최근 연구들에서 rutin의 항염증 및 암예 방 활성이 보고되어져 왔다. 그러나, rutin의 암예방 활성과 관련된 분자생물학적 기전에 대한 연구는 아직까지 미비 한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 발암 과정 중 하나인 세포의 악성 변형을 EGF로 유도하여 rutin이 이를 억제하는 지 여부를 확인하는 실험을 진행하였으며, 그 분자생물학적 기전을 규명하고자 하였다. Soft agar assay 실험 결과, rutin은 EGF로 유도된 세포의 악성 변형을 25 μM, 50 μM 100 μM에서 농도별로 감소시켰다. 또한 EGF로 유도된 MEK/ERK 및 MKK4/JNK 신호전달체계의 인산화를 저해하였다. 그러나 이와는 대조적으로 rutin은 EGF로 유도된 MKK3/6/p38 신호전달체계 인산화는 감소시키지 못하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 연구결과들은 rutin이 암화 과정 중 발생되는 세포의 악성변형 과정을 촉진시킨다고 잘 알려져 있는 MEK/ERK 및 MKK4/JNK 신호전달체계의 활성화 를 억제함으로써 암예방 활성을 나타낸다는 것을 제시하고 있으며, 이는 메밀의 생리활성 성분인 rutin의 암예방 생리 활성 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 보여주는 중요한 연구 결과라 할 수 있겠다. 또한 위 연구결과는 MEK/ERK 및 MKK4/JNK 신호전달 체계를 표적으로 하는 생리활성 소재 탐색에도 활용 가능할 것으로 생각되어진다.