전해정련을 이용한 폐 피복관 처리의 타당성을 살펴보기 위하여, 500℃의 LiCl-KCl 용융염 내에서 표면이 산화된 10 g 규모의Zircaloy-4 피복관 및 순수한 Zircaloy-4 피복관의 전기화학적 거동을 살펴보았다. 산화된 Zircaloy-4 피복관이 담긴 basket을 작업전극으로하여 전압-전류 관계를 측정한 결과, 산화되지 않은 Zircaloy-4 피복관과 비교해 Zr의 산화 peak는 Ag/AgCl 기준전극 대비, 약 -0.7 V ~ -0.8 V로 유사한 반면, 산화 전류의 크기는 확연하게 감소하는 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 결과는 -0.78V의 일정전위를 가한 전기화학적 용해 실험에서 살펴본 전류-시간 곡선에서도 유사하게 나타나며, 피복관 조각들의 평균 두께 및 무게 변화로부터 확인할 수 있다. Zircaloy-4 피복관이 산화되었을 경우, 표면의 산화막이 피복관의 전도성에 영향을 주어 basket 내 위치에 따라 전기화학적 용해의 균일성 및 속도를 떨어뜨리는 것으로 나타나지만, 표면의 미세한 결함과 Zr 산화물의 상 특성으로 인해 전기화학적 용해가 진행되는 것으로 판단된다.

Actias artemis is a members of the family Saturniidae, also known as wild silkmoths, have impressive color and size. In 2012, estimation of Actias artemis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) abundance in HECRI was conducted using the mark-release-recapture (MRR) method (Jolly, 1965) from mid to late May. Seven sampling events were accomplished from 19 May, 21 May, 22 May, 24 May, 26 May, 28 May and on 30 May, during the main flight of the species. Marking was made by writing numbers in the hind wing of each individual moths. Most collections were undertaken by a team of experienced four or six researches of HECRI using light trap (mercury lamp: 250W). Seven female and 58 male moths were captured in study site. The effective population size of Actias artemis was 24.9 and heterozygosity was more than 97%. Seven marked moths were recaptured, resulting in 9.7% of recapture rate. The estimated population size of A. artemis showed a peak by 133 individuals on 22 May and then declined. The estimated adult numbers of A. artemis using MRR method from minimum 168 to maximum 5,332 (p<0.05).

Expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in the early phase of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was investigated. At 14 days of age, 60 ICR mice were divided into two groups and treated with saline (group 1) or DEN (group 2, 10 mg/kg of body weight, i.p. injection), and were sacrificed at 6 h and 1, 2, 3, 7, and 28 days after treatment with saline or DEN. During necropsy, half of the liver from saline- or DEN-treated mice was processed for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of EpCAM and apoptosis. The remaining liver tissue was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction and analysis of EpCAM mRNA expression. Immunohistochemical examination showed that EpCAM expression was detected only in a small number of hepatocytes from saline-treated mice and its expression was detected in bile duct cells and round cells around portal areas, as well as hepatocytes in the livers of DEN-treated mice. In addition, multiple apoptotic cells were found in the livers of mice treated with DEN. EpCAM mRNA expression was significantly higher in DEN-treated mice at 1, 7, and 28 days compared to saline-treated mice at 6 h (P<0.01). Taken together, EpCAM expression and apoptosis were increased in liver by DEN treatment.

We developed the “Nest Finder System” to detect the breeding ecology of cavity nesters. Nest Finder System is composed of three parts, camera, transfer and recorder parts. In camera part, we utilized three types like pin camera, CCTV camera and endoscope with CMOS lens. Electricity and information was transferred with cable lines, and the information were directly recorded into sony digital recorder (GV-HD 700) or hard disk. To survey the breeding status of cavity nester, we disassembled the cone lens (TVC-MN4428C) applicable to enter the natural tree hole ranging no less than 30 mm. To support the camera and transfer part reaching at the hole located about 15m height, we used a couples of carbon poles in size of 1.8m, and its slender ending part was designed to fit each other. Nest Finder System can be applied to monitor breeding status of forest wildlife including cavity nesters, canopy nesters and aquatics. We discussed the potential problem in applying the equipment and analyzing the obtained data. Nest Finder System enable us to monitor the inner part of nest located at the upper part of trees not only coniferous and deciduous forests, and it can be applied to monitor the breeding ecology of aquatic organism.

Setdb1/Eset, a histone lysine methyltransferase, is recruited by various transcription factors to modify local chromatin. The observation that Setdb1-null blastocysts fail to produce epiblast-lineage cells suggests a role for Setdb1 in generating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). When examined in mouse zygotes, Setdb1 proteins appeared as dots at perinucleolar rims of pronuclei, with the dot-shaped signals more prominent in male pronuclei. Setdb1 signals were observed diffusely in the nucleus from the two-cell stage onward and, by the blastocyst, took a punctate form, away from nucleolus. Such varying expression patterns suggest its involvement in diverse biological processes at preimplantation stage. Setdb1 appeared in Oct4-positive cells of inner-cell-mass origin but not in trophectoderm-lineage cells in blastocyst outgrowths. Setdb1 co- immunoprecipitated with Oct4 in mESCs, and Setdb1 expression was markedly reduced upon retinoic acid- induced differentiation. These observations suggest that Setdb1 has an important role in maintaining the self-renewal of mESCs through collaboration with Oct4.

Microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), a member of MAP1 family, plays a key role in the brain development. MAP1B binds to many kinds of proteins directly or indirectly. In our previous studies, MAP1B and glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were down-regulated in bovine follicular cystic follicles (FCF). This study was performed to examine interaction between MAP1B and GAPDH in bovine follicles using immunoprecipitation (IP) with western blot analysis and immunohistochemisty. MAP1B and GAPDH mRNA expression levels were down-regulated in bovine FCFs. Consistent with the semi-quantitative PCR data, their protein expressions were also down-regulated in FCFs. IP data showed that MAP1B bound to GAPDH in normal follicles, but their binding was absent in FCFs, suggesting that these data might be resulted from a low level of MAP1B and/or GAPDH expression. These results suggest that GAPDH does not as always function as a loading control in bovine follicles.

Papilio xuthus is known as the Asian swallowtail, Chinese yellow swallowtail, or as the Xuthus swallowtail. It overwinters in pupae stage. The study was conducted to investigate the temperature effect on adult emergence of overwintering P. xuthus pupae at four different constant temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) with photoperiod 10:14(L:D). The lower developmental thresholds of female, male and both sexes combined were 9.71, 11.03, and 10.49°C, respectively. Developmental period of overwintering pupae to adults decreased with increasing temperature between 15 and 30°C. Degree-days for adult emergence to female, male and both sexes combined were 227.27, 175.44, and 200.80DD, respectively. The relationship between the developmental rate and temperature was fitted by linear and five nonlinear developmental rate models (Logan 6, Lactin 1, 2 and Briere 1, 2). The variation of overwintering pupae development was described by the two-parameter Weibull distribution model. The adult emergence of overwintering P. xuthus pupae in spring can be explained and predicted by using developmental rate models and developmental distribution model. The effect of climate change on phenology and distribution of P. xuthus may be presented by the model.

Sweet potato whitefly (SPW), Bemisia tabaci, is the most serious pest of greenhouse tomato as a vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus since 2008 in Jeju. This study was conducted for within-plant distribution of SPW nymphs on leaves and the characteristic of spatial distribution of SPW adults using by yellow-color sticky trap in greenhouse-grown tomato plants. The nymphs of SPW were mainly distributed on leaves of mid-lower stratum in three stratum of tomato plant. They were also more distributed on three to four leaflets from basal part in a leaf. Ten plots and three plants per plot were appropriated to estimate of mean density of SPW nymph using by visual inspection in a tomato greenhouse. The more SPW adults were caught on horizontally placed sticky trap above 50～80 cm than vertically placed sticky trap above tomato canopy. The horizontal direction trap should be placed in opened site. SPW adults were shown the aggregated distribution pattern using by Taylor’s power law (TPL) and Iwao’s patchiness regression (IPR) model which are commonly used for spatial distribution pattern analysis. TPL was showed better description than IPR for spatial distribution pattern of SPW adults. The required number of trap tended to decrease according to increase the mean density of SPW adult

Stick insect has several peculiarities like parthenogenesis, unique external features and dropping oviposition, so it is very hopeful to use for industrial insect. The oviposition was established by only female without fertilization with sperm of male which was not discovered during this study. The oviposition period was 37.3±14.9 days and the number of eggs per female was 41.5±16.5 eggs. The hatchability was 73.3% at 25℃and 66.7% after low temperature treatment(8℃, 60 days). The developmental periods and the length of egg were 100.9±4.2 days and 0.33±0.0cm, respectively, and the adult's life span was 49.7±16.0days. Differently other research which reported five nymph stage, the developmental stages of nymph showed five(62.9%) or six(37.1%) stages. The duration and the length of nymph increased according to the increase of nymph stage. Stick insect preferred the leaf of American locust, White oak, Chestnut, Bush clover in order but could be reared with food of the leaf of all these trees. Stick insects are herbivorus but made an attack each other when encountered in the small space. For sustaining mass rearing of stick insect, it is needed that the development of artificial diet and high density rearing method.

Graphene is an attractive material for device applications, but device characteristics are very unstable because the graphene is very sensitive to environmental factors such as charges nearby the graphene, metal contacts, defects, contaminants and other adsorbates. Since the interactions between graphene and environmental factors affect the electrical characteristics of graphene devices, the interpretation of electrical characteristics as simple as current-voltage curves is non-trivial, despite the common practice of using well known electrical characterization methods that have been used in silicon MOSFET. This paper addresses major obstacles in the electrical characterization of graphene devices and offers countermeasures to improve the accuracy of electrical characterization methods.

House dust mite (HDM) allergens have been associated with allergic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Various acaricidal agents have been suggested for control of house dust mites; however, their remains act as allergens even after death. Therefore, for avoidance of allergen, expelling the mites is a more effective policy than killing them. In this experiment, we compared the repellent effect of two essential oils (Matricaria chamomilla, Lavandula vera) against house dust mites, Dermatophagoids farinae and D. pteronyssinus in bed fabric. The essential oils were applied by direct contact method at various doses (0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, and 0.00625 μl/cm2 and at various exposure times (30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min). Results of this experiment suggest that the two oils have significant repellent activity. Camomile essential oil in 0.0125 μl/cm2 at 240 minutes had a repellent effect of 93.7% and lavender essential oil in 0.05 μl/cm2 at 180 minutes had a repellent effect of 88.9%. The results of this study showed that camomile essential oil has more potent repellent activity than lavender essential oil at a particular concentration.

본 연구는 등분포 하중에 종속된 폼내장 콘크리트 샌드위치 패널 (foam insulated concrete sandwich panel)의 구조거 동특성을 파악하였다. 유한요소모델이 콘크리트, 폼 그리고 철근의 비선형거동과 연결부재 (connector)의 상세 전단 저항거동을 모사하기위해 사용되었다. 개발된 모델은 미주리대학 (University of Missouri)에서 수행된 정적실험자료 를 사용하여 검증되었다. 합성 및 비합성 거동이 샌드위치패널의 구조거동에미치는 영향을 정확히 모사하기 위해 전단연결재의 저항력을 모델에 정확히 반영하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모델은 구조물의 극한강도및 좌굴이후의 거동까지 모사하였고 미국콘크리트 학회 (ACI)의 설계예제와 비교하였다. 본연구의 결과는 정적 및 동 적하중에 종속된 폼내장 콘크리트 샌드위치 패널의 해석및 설계에 유용한 정보를 제공할것이다.