Molten chloride salts are promising candidates as a coolant for Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs) because of their low cost, high specific heat transfer, and thermal energy storage capacity. The NaCl- MgCl2 eutectic salts have enormous latent heat (430 kJ/kg) and financial advantage over other types of molten chloride salt. Despite the promise of the NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic salt, problems associated with structural material corrosion in the MSR system remain. The hygroscopicity of NaCl-MgCl2 and high MSRs operating temperature accelerate corrosion within structural alloys. Especially, MgCl2 reacts with H2O in the eutectic salt to produce HCl and Cl2, which are known to further exacerbate corrosion by the chlorination of structural materials. Therefore, several studies have worked to purify impurities associated with MgCl2, such as H2O. Thermal salt purification of NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic salt is one method that reduces HCl and Cl2 gas generation. However, MgO and MgOHCl are generated as the byproduct of thermal purification through a reaction between MgCl2 and H2O. The corrosion behavior of MgO within structural alloys after thermal treatment is not well known. This paper demonstrates corrosion behavior within structural alloy after thermal treatment at various temperature profiles of the NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic salt. According to the temperature range, MgCl2·H2O are separated at 100~200°C, and MgOHCl and HCl begin to occur at 240°C or higher. Finally, MgOHCl produces MgO and HCl at 500°C or higher temperatures. After thermal treatments, the H2O, MgOHCl, and MgO content were measured by Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) to evaluate significant products causing corrosion. The structural materials were analyzed by the Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and using the mass change method to observe the type of localized corrosion, the corrosion rate, and the corrosion layer thickness. This study is possible in that it can reduce economic costs by reducing the essential use of expensive, high-purity molten salts because it is related to a substantial financial cost problem considering the amount of molten salt used in industrial sites.

In recent years, ESG activities (Environment, Social and Governance) have been paid more and more attention by enterprises and their stakeholders in various countries. China is the largest developing country in the world. The ESG performance of Chinese listed enterprises helps to understand the shortcomings of their sustainable development ability and further enhance the firm value. Moreover, the interaction effect between green innovation investment and ESG activities is of great significance for enterprises to balance the resource allocation between the two factors in the future. Taking listed Chinese manufacturing companies from 2011 to 2020 as an example, this study investigates the influence of ESG activities on financial performance and non-financial performance, and tests the moderating role of green innovation. Our results show that: (1) ESG performance has a negative impact on financial performance; (2) ESG performance has a positive impact on non-financial performance; (3) Green innovation can positively adjust the negative impact of environmental activities on financial performance. However, it will enhance the negative impact of governance activities on financial performance. The interaction effect between green innovation and social activities on corporate financial performance is a substitution effect; (4) With the improvement of green innovation level, the positive impact of ESG overall performance and environmental performance on corporate reputation will also be suppressed.

Traf4 (Tumor necrosis factor Receptor Associated Factor 4) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) - associated factors (TRAFs) family. TRAF4 is overexpressed in tumor cells such as breast cancer and associated with cytoskeleton and membrane fraction. Interestingly, TRAF4 was localized with tight junctions (TJs) proteins including OCLN and TJP1 in mammary epithelial cells. However, the expression patterns and biological function of Traf4 were not examined in preimplantation mouse embryos although Traf4-deficient mouse showed embryonic lethality or various dramatic malformation. In this study, we examined the temporal and spatial expression patterns of mouse Traf4 during preimplantation development by qRT-PCR and immunostaining, and its biological function by using siRNA injection. We found upregulation of Traf4 from the 8-cell stage onwards and apical region of cell – cell contact sites at morula and blastocyst embryos. Moreover, Traf4 knockdown led to defective TJs without alteration of genes associated with TJ assembly but elevated p21 expression at the KD morula. Taken together, Traf4 is required for TJs assembly and cell proliferation during morula to blastocyst transition.

Free-living nematodes feed on bacteria, algae, fungi, dead organisms, and living tissues. They release nutrients for plant use and improve soil structure and water holding capacity. They are usually the most abundant type of nematodes in soil and marine environments. This study has been conducted to survey the distribution and identification of soil nematodes from rhizosphere soil of plant for investigation of indigenous species according to Convention on Biological Diversity. Three species of free-living nematodes belonging to the order of Dorylaimida were found from paddy soil and soybean fields, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do and one species was found from soil, Dokdo island, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus, Eudorylaimus arcus and Mesodorylaimus spengelii are newly collected from Korea. A. obtusicaudatus can be recognized by its large body, short odontostyle being much thicker than cuticle at the same level, well developed gonads, shape and length of the tail. E. arcus is distinctive because of the wide lateral field, tail form and supplement arrangement. M. spengelii is smaller species with short odontostylet, simple guiding ring. Female tail more or less uniformly attenuated, tip is not swollen, nor curved dorsally.

We report the structural characterization and electric heating performance of carbon thin films (CTFs), which were prepared from negative-type SU-8 photoresist by deep UV exposure and following carbonization. The prepared CTFs were found to have pseudo-graphitic carbon structures containing partially graphite domains in the amorphous carbon matrix. The CTFs showed a very smooth surface morphology with a roughness of 0.42 nm. The 107 nm-thick CTFs exhibited an excellent electric heating performance by attaining a high maximal temperature of 207 °C and a rapid heating rate of 13.2 °C/s at an applied voltage of 30 V. Therefore, the CTFs prepared in this study can be applied as electrode materials for high-performance electric heaters.