Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki와 aizawai의 내독소단백질을 알카리용액 또는 트립신, 곤충소화액 드응ㄹ 처리하여 전기영동한 후 단백질팬턴을 비교하였다. 두 균주의 주요 결정단백질은 130kd와 64kd의 단백질이었으며, 소화액이나 효소로 처리한 경우 공통적으로 62kd의 활성독소가 생성되었다. 그러나, aizawai는 kurstaki에 비해 현저히 적은 양의 62kd 단백질을 생성하였다. 흰불나방의 유충이 Bacillus thuringiensis 독소를 섭식하였을 때 지방체를 비롯한 몇 가지 조직에서 45kd의 스트레스 단백질이 유발되었는데 이 단백질은 열충격이나 저온 충격시에도 마찬가지로 생성되었다.

Background : Recently, some of the previous stuies reported that was useful technique on growth and yield of organically grown ginseng transplantation in a rain shelter greenhouse. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum method of greenhouse shading for ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) cultivaton in the northern area of Ganwon, Korea. Methods and Results : We carried out to select optimal shade materials and light-penetrated ratio among polyethylene film with two-layered polyethylene net(PEF+PEN) and blue-white duplicated PE film(BWD-PEF) in the condition of greenhouse for ginseng cultivation. The order of light-penentrated ratio by shade meterials was PEN(75%)+PEF 〉 PEN(85%)+PEF 〉BWD-PEF(85%) 〉BWD-PEF(90%) and the order of air temperature was BWD-PEF(85%) 〉BWD-PEF(90%) 〉PEN+PEF(85%) 〉PEN+PEF(75%). The net photosynthetic rate was higher in PEN(75%)+PEF than other shading material treatments during growth season including summer high-temperature period. The root weight and yield were increased by 31.2~55.0% and 25.6~52.2%, respectively under PEN+PEF(75%) compared to other shading materials. Conclusion : We concluded that the PEN+PEF(75%) could be a good shading meterails of the greenhouse for organic 4-year-old ginseng cultivation in northern area of Gangwon, Korea.

Near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa4, xa5 and Xa21) were developed in japonica rice using Suweon345 as genetic background. NILs were selected by gene specific DNA markers and inoculation of K1 or K3a race. NILs conferring Xa4 were resistant to K1, K2, K3, and moderately resistant to K3a. NILs conferring xa5 were resistant to K1, K2, K3, and K3a. NILs having Xa21 were susceptible to K1, while resistant to K2, K3 and K3a. Target genes of NILs with the genetic background of Suweon345 were also confirmed by using eleven Philippines races and International Rice Bacterial Blight (IRBB) NILs carrying Xa4, xa5 and Xa21. All NILs had no significant difference from their recurrent parents in the major agronomic traits except for panicle length and brown rice 1,000 grain weight. Heading date of NILs ranged from Aug. 10 to Aug. 11, which was similar to that of recurrent parent, Suweon345. Culm length, number of grains per panicle and ratio of ripened grain of NILs were similar to those of Suweon345. Milled rice of NILs was ranged from 4.82 to 4.93MT/ha. These NILs will be useful for improving resistance to K3a race of bacterial blight pathogens in Korean japonica cultivars.

In order to breed the useful mutants in black raspberry, cultivated in Gochang-gun, leaf-petiol explants from shoot-proliferating culture was regenerated after irradiated with 30, 50 and 70 Gy gamma-ray. The LD50 dose of leaf-petiol explants was identified as 30Gy after two months. Morphological characteristics of the variants were observed such as stem variation, existence and nonexistence of spine, spine color, anthocyanin content, width of leaf, thick of leaf compared with donor cultivar. Of the 701 mutants, 14 lines with the useful mutant characters were selected and random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) was carried out to confirm mutation state at the molecular level with 20 primers. There are many bands be revealed only in mutants and disappear in mutants reversely. RAPD analysis revealed a high level of genetic diversity among Control and mutants. Compared to Control, No. 14 mutant showed the highest genetic diversity. Also, the co-dominant SSR markers have allowed the evaluation of heterozygosity. Valuable mutants obtained will be useful for developing new cultivars and studying gene function in molecular level.

This study was carried out to investigate the improvement of soil physical and chemistry in black raspberry sequential field. We had used the subsoil-crusher, oriental herbal, perlite, popped rice hull, burned charcoal of rice hull and peat moss as a soil conditioner. On the whole, the physical and chemistry properties of treated-plots was higher than those of Control field after applying soil conditioners. Before planting, the pH and E.C. range of field was 4.9~5 and 0.5~0.6 ds/m, respectively. After applying soil conditioners, the pH and E.C range of Control field was altered to 4.3 and 2.2ds/m and the pH and E.C range of peat moss-field was 5.2 and 1.3 ds/m. The significant difference(p<0.05) in pH and E.C value was observed between Control-field and peat moss-field. In the size of soil aggregate structure, the aggregate structure weight of Control over 4mm long was 44 g and treatments of perlite, popped rice hull, burned charcoal of rice hull and peat moss was 53 g, 65g, 65g and 72g, respectively. There is a significant difference(p<0.05, 0.001) between Control and treatments. In the results of chlorophyll analysis, all of the treated-plots except for the oriental herbal have a high chlorophyll value (p<0.05, 0.001) compared to the Control. In view of the results so far achieved, there is a great difference on the frequency of dead plant between Control and treatments. The dead plants number of Control, subsoil-crusher, oriental herbal, perlite, popped rice hull, burned charcoal of rice hull and peat moss was 31, 21, 7, 12, 10, 12 and 2, respectively.

“Hoanbyeo” is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Kanto149 and Milyang95 by the rice breeding team of National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station (NHAES), RDA, during 1990 to 1998. This cultivar requires about 121days of growth

Swordbean was recently introduced to Korea, and cultural technique for stable production, e.g. optimum seeding date and planting space, has not been established. This experiment was conducted to elucidate the changes of growth characteristics, yield components, and yield as affected by different seeding dates and planting spaces. Days to flowering was shortened by 4∼28 days as seeding was delayed. Stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, and seed yield tended to increase with delaying seeding up to 5 April and then to decrease with further delaying seeding. These results indicate that optimum seeding date of swordbean in unheated polyvinyl house would be early April. Although, the swordbean exhibited large increases in plant height, number of branches per plant, and stem diameter at the wider spacings, planting space could be decreased to the 60 cm plant-spacing and 30 cm row-spacing with no deleterious effect on yield.