Recently, we suggested a CME earthward direction parameter as an important geoeffective parameter that has been demonstrated by front-side halo CME data. In this study, we present the geometrical implication of this parameter by comparing with the parameters from a CME cone model. Major results from this study can be summarized as follows. First, we derive an analytic relationship between the cone model parameters (the half angular width of a cone and the angle between the cone axis and the plane of sky) and the earthward direction parameter. Second, we demonstrate a close relationship between the earthward direction parameter and the cone axis angle using 32 front-side full halo CMEs. Third, we found that there is noticeable inconsistency between the cone axis angles estimated from the cone model fitting to the CMEs and from their associated flare positions, implying that the flare position should not be considered as a good earthward direction parameter. Finally we present several advantages of our earthward direction parameter in terms of the forecast of a geomagnetic storm based on CME parameters.

Co-Fe-Ni-B-Si-Cr based amorphous strips containing nitrogen were manufactured via melt spinning, and then devitrified by crystallization treatment at the various annealing temperatures of for up to 30 minutes in an inert gas atmosphere. The microstructures were examined by using XRD and TEM and the magnetic properties were measured by using VSM and B-H meter. Among the alloys, the amorphous ribbons of containing 121 ppm of nitrogen showed relatively high saturation magnetization. The alloy ribbons crystallized at showed that the grain size of alloy containing 121 ppm of nitrogen was about f nm, which exhibited paramagnetic behavior. The formation of nano-grain structure was attributed to the finely dispersed Fe4N particles and the solid-solutionized nitrogen atoms in the matrix. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the nano-grain structure of 5nm in size could reduce the core loss within the normally applied magnetic field of 300A/m at 10kHz.

본 연구는 우리나라 고유의 유전자원인 재래산양의 체내수정란 생산기술을 확립하고자 수행하였다. 흡입법(aspiration)과 세절법(slicing)에 의해 난소 한 개당 회수된 난자의 수는 3.9개와 4.1개를 나타내어 slicing방법이 aspiration방법보다는 많은 숫자의 난자를 회수하였으나 유의적인 차이는 나타내지 않았다. 회수된 난자의 등급별 분포는 aspiration방법에서 Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, Grade IV

한국 재래산양 체내수정란 생산에 대한 발정동기화 및 과배란 유도방법과 회수된 수정란의 동결 융해 후 생존율을 조사하였다. 발정동기화를 위해 CIDR+FSH 및 CIDR+PMSG의 방법을 이용한 결과, 배란점 및 회수된 수정란의 수는 CIDR+FSH 처리구에서 16.3개 및 9.4개, CIDR+PMSG 처리구에서 16.4개 및 8.7개를 나타내어 두 처리구간에 유의적 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 회수된 수정란을 형태학적으로 평가한 결과 CIDR+FSH 처리구

아프리카 나이제르산 13관 21종 식물체의 부위별로 채집된 31 시료 메탄올 추출물의 벼멸구에 대한 살충활성 및 점박이이응애에 대한 살비활성을를 가각 미량국소처리법과 잎침지법으로 조사한 결고, 시료의 부위 및 종에 따라 살충 및 살비활성에 커다란 차이를 보였다. Caesalpinacras과의 Cassia occidentalis와 Cassia tora 전부위 및 Mimosaceas 과의 Prosopis chinensts줄기의 메탄올 추출물은 벼멸구에 대해서 강한 살충활성을 보인 반면, 비름과의 Celosia trigyna 전부위, Combretaceae과의 Combretum glutinotum 잎과 Combretum micronthum 전부위 및 Prosopis chinensis 잎과 열매의 메탄올 추출물은 점박이응애에 대해 강한 살비활성을 나타내었다

High resolution 12 C O observations of the region containing the planetary nebula Hb12 were made with the Nobeyama Radio Telescope. These observations reveal that there is no significant CO emission from Hb 12 itself. Near Hb 12, however, the observed regions show a structure of clustered dark clouds whose physical parameters suggest that these clumps would be further fragmented or collapesed. Also found with the high resolution observations is that a few isolated clumps are located away from the main CO feature extended possibly from the galactic plane. For more detail morphologies and velocity structures of the clumps, especially in relation to the large CO complex to which these are likely to be associated, more observations are substantiated.

In this study, soy-powder yogurt (SPY) with enhanced levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and isoflavone aglycone was produced from sprouting high-protein soybeans (HPSs). The fermented steam-HPS sprouts (0 to 4 cm) were fermented (72 h) with Lactobacillus brevis, and the total free amino acids (FAAs) of the formed mixtures were determined to be 79.53, 489.93, 877.55, 780.53, and 979.97 mg/100 mL in the fermented HPS (FHPS), and the fermented steam-HPS with 0 cm (FSHPS-0), 1 cm (FSHPS-1), 2 cm (FSHPS-2), and 4 cm sprouting lengths (FSHPS-4), respectively. The levels of glutamic acid (GA) and GABA were observed to be the highest, 100.31 and 101.60 mg/100 mL, respectively, in the unfermented HPS (UFSHPS-1, 1 cm) and FSHPS-1 sprouts, respectively. Moreover, the total contents of the isoflavone glycoside form decreased proportionally to the increasing total levels of isoflavone aglycones after fermentation in FSHPS-0, FSHPS-1, FSHPS-2, and FSHPS-4. The levels of isoflavone aglycones were detected as 350.34, 289.15, 361.61, 445.05, and 491.25 μg/g in FHPS, FSHPS-0, FSHPS-1, FSHPS-2, and FSHPS-4, respectively. While FSHPS-1 exhibited the highest DPPH (63.28%) and ABTS (73.28%) radical scavenging activities, FSHPS-4 contained the highest isoflavone aglycone ratio (81.63%). All in all, the FSHPS-1 mixture prepared in this study exhibited high GABA content and functional prosperity, thereby making it suitable for potential applications in the soy-dairy industry.

Cysteine protease (CP) is one of the well-studied proteolytic enzymes in plants. This class of protease has been implicated in various physiological aspects of developmental stages in plants including seed germination, senescence, and disease immunity. A handful of studies assigned plants cysteine protease in different molecular battlefield under a few selected pathosystems, and initially extricated complex molecular mechanism of resistance. However, its potential use as an agent of resistance to diseases in rice has never been explored. This study demonstrates the function of CP specifically in rice - Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathosystem. The CP -encoding full-length cDNA was cloned from Brassica rapa and transformed into japonica rice cv. ‘Gopumbyeo’. The gene was overexpressed under the control of CaMV35S promoter in pFLC vector. Blast analysis of the conserved domain of the gene confirmed its affinity to Peptidase_CIA family. RT-PCR analysis showed that the gene was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested. Regulation of rice resistance through cysteine protease activity is evident in overexpression lines which exhibited an enhanced resistance to four Korean Xoo isolates. Further analyses will be carried out to uncover the specific role of CP in rice-Xoo interaction.

There is a great consideration on rice eating quality aside from improving its tolerance to various stresses. High yielding and pest and disease tolerant rice is highly desirable but it is more commercially important if it also has a high eating quality. There are various factors contributing to the good eating quality of rice. This study focuses on modifying the expression of GBSS1 genes which are responsible for amylopectin and amylose synthesis in rice by using RNAi and antisense techniques. We have developed 40 transgenic plants with RNAi-GBSS1 gene and 60 transgenic lines with antisense-GBSS1 gene. The transgenic plants show diverse amylose contents in rice seed. We selected candidate lines according to PCR, RNA expression and amylose contents. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR was carried out to measure the expression level of GBSS1 gene at several time points after the flowering of transgenic plants. The expression level of GBSS1 gene in rice grains decreases over time and the mRNA expression among the transgenic plants were lower compare to its wild type. In the SEM analysis, the starch granule of wild type Gopumbyeo has very large structures accompanied with small ones around the area. However, the starch structures in transgenic plants were smaller and more uniform in size and shape throughout the viewing area