Perilla is a genus as a member of the mint family Lamiaceae which is known to contain lots of volatile metabolite. Perilla has been called as ‘deulkae’ indicating ‘wild sesame’ that means it has been maintained in Korea with long history. It has been very friendly used as edible oil and as fresh leaf vegetable. Perilla oil is valued for its medicinal benefit because it contains best amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, especially for the alpha-linolenic acid, known to omega-3 fatty acid, among all of the plant oils. It also include many beneficial phytochemicals. However, little study is conducted on their genetics. Here, we announce construction of well normalized and full length enriched-perilla cDNA library from a whole plant of one cultivar ‘Youngho-deulkae’ and their sequence characterization to provide useful resources for genetics, breeding and metabolite engineering. By sequencing of 5,760 cDNA clones, we 5,438 high quality EST sequences. Sequence trimming and assembly resulted 3,995 unigenes which consists 1,004 contigs and 2,991 singletones. Unigenes that showed little homology at the DNA sequence level with known genes in other plants even though they showed similarity at the protein domain level based on BLASTN, BLASTX, and TBLASTX. This study may provide good resources for initiation of further genomics, comparative genomics, functional genomics such as metabolic engineering and molecular breeding.

Korea has experienced a rapid warming of 1.5℃during the last 100 years and even faster rise of air temperature is being projected in the future. This experiment was done to figure out the impact of the predidted temperature rise on the growth and yield of rice. Two rice varieties, "Hwaseongbyeo" and "Dasanbyeo" were grown in 1/5000a Wagner pot under the four plastic houses that were controlled to ambient, ambient+1.5℃, ambient+3℃ and ambient+5℃ throughout the rice growing season. Heading dates in the elevated temperature treatments were three to five days earlier than in the ambient temperature treatment. Rice growth was affected by temperature treatments differentially according to the tested cultivars. Hwaseongbyeo(japonica) showed significant reduction of shoot dry weight under ambient+5.0℃ treatment compared to the other treatments, while Dasanbyeo(tongil-type) showed significant increase of shoot and root dry weight under the elevated temperature treatments. The number of panicles per pot and spikelets per panicle and per pot was not significantly different among temperature treatments in both cultivars tested, but significantly lower grain yield was observed under the treatments raising the air temperature to the level of 3.0℃ and 5.0℃ above the ambient air temperature. This lower grain yield in the elevated temperature treatment of ambient+3℃ was attributed mainly to the decrease of grain weight due to the shortening of grain filling period, while the drastic yield reduction in the treatment of ambient+5℃ was caused not only by the lower grain weight but also by the marked increase in spikelet sterility due to the high temperature at meiotic and flowering stage. In conclusion, the ongoing global warming is expected to decrease the grain yield not only by decreasing the grain filling period in the near future but also increasing the spikelet sterility under the long-term projected climate of Korea.

Eating quality is critical for consumers who take rice as staple food. Here we present the development and identification of high eating quality rice lines. The identification of positive transgenic lines, physicochemical properties of transgenic rice, mRNA expression and enzyme activity were analyzed. OsSbe1 was introduced into Gopumbyeo seeds using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and 1,005 out of 1,065 T1 plants were shown positive. The apparent amylose contents in T2 brown rice ranged from 11% to 25% in 890 favorable lines (Gopumbyeo was used as a reference with 18% of AAC). The activity of starch branching enzyme including three isoforms (SBE1, SBE3, and SBE4) in endosperms of T3 lines was higher than that of Gopumbyeo. Physicochemical properties related to eating quality for T3 polished rice were detected using 52 favorable lines out of 500 lines selected according to AAC. The Toyo taste meter value in 52 T3 lines ranged from 61.1 to 72.6, whereas 70.4 in Gopumbyeo. Of them, eleven lines displayed the higher palatability score than Gopumbyeo. Moreover, these elite lines produced higher yields (607.9~695.8 kg/10a) than Gopumbyeo (602.7 kg/10a). These results indicated the possibility of developing new high quality rice varieties in the future.

In this paper, we deal with an allocation model of vertical type container yard for minimizing the total ATC (Automated Transfer Crane) working time and the equivalence of ATC working load in each block on automated container terminal. Firstly, a layout of automated container terminal yard is shown The characteristic of equipment which work in the terminal and its basic assumption are given Next, an allocation model which concerns with minimizing the total working time and the equivalence of working load is proposed for effectiveness of ATC working in automated container terminal. Also, a weight values on critical function are suggested to adjust the critical values by evaluating the obtained allocation plan. For ATC allocation algorithm, we suggest a simple repeat algorithm for on-line terminal operation.

In order to investigate the genotypic variations of Zn accumulation in rice plant, thirty-five rice cultivars of different cultivar groups (temperate japonica, tropical japonica, tongil, and indica) were irrigated with irrigation water containing 2 ppm Zn throughout all growth season in a field experiments in 2007. At harvest, thirty-five rice cultivars showed large difference in Zn concentrations in root, shoot, straw, grain, chaff, brown rice, rice bran, and polished rice. Zn concentrations in polished rice ranged from 5.15 to 21.24 mg/kg. The total Zn accumulation in shoot varied from 12.18 to 54.84 mg/m2. Two japonica rice cultivar groups (temperate japonica, and tropical japonica) presented the higher Zn concentration in shoot compared to indica and Tongil cultivar groups. The large genotypic variation suggested the possibility of breeding low Zn accumulating rice varieties.

In the present experiment, thirty-five rice cultivars were irrigated by irrigation water containing 2 ppm Ni throughout all growth season in order to investigate the genotypic differences in Ni accumulation of rice. At harvest, thirty-five rice cultivars showed large difference in Ni concentrations in shoot, straw, grain, chaff, brown rice, rice bran, and polished rice, but not in root. Ni concentraions in polished rice ranged from 0.43 to 2.28 mg/kg. The total Ni accumulation of shoot varied from 0.63 to 2.93 mg/m2. Indica cultivar groups presented the highest Ni concentration of polished rice, but no significant difference from the other cultivar group. At the same time, indica cultivar group significantly accumulated more Ni by shoot compared to the other cultivar groups. The large genotypic variation suggested the possibility to breed low Ni accumulating rice cultivar.

In order to investigate the genotypic differences in Cu accumulation of rice, 35 rice cultivars of different cultivar groups (temperate japonica, tropical japonica, tongil, and indica) were cultivated in a field condition that rice was irrigated by irrigation water containing 2 ppm Cu throughout all growing season in 2007. Thirty-five rice cultivars showed large differences in Cu concentrations in all rice parts, including root, shoot, straw, grain, chaff, brown rice, rice bran, and polished rice. Cu concentrations in polished rice ranged from 0.78 to 2.84 mg/kg. The total Cu accumulation of shoot varied from 1.31 to 4.54 mg/m2. Indica and tongil cultivar groups presented the higher Cu concentration and accumulation comparing the two japonica rice cultivar groups (temperate japonica and tropical japonica). The large genotypic variation suggested the possibility of breeding low Cu accumulating rice cultivar.

Korea has experienced a rapid warming of 1.5℃ during the last 100 years and it is projected more faster rise of air temperature in the future. Temperature is an important factor that impacts directly on the growth and development of plants. To figure out the impact of temperature rising on rice growth, grain yield, and quality, an experiment was conducted at the 3 plastic houses that were controlled to ambient, ambient+1.5℃, and ambient+3℃throughout the growing season at the Seoul National University Experimental Farm. A rice variety "Hwaseongbyeo“ was grown using 1/5000a Wagner pot under two nitrogen levels of 12 and 18kg/10a. Heading date in elevated temperature treatments was earlier by two days than in ambient temperature. Compared to the ambient temperature, number of tiller, leaf area index, and dry weight of root, stem, leaf, and panicle was greater in elevated temperature conditions throughout the rice growing season, the difference being smaller in later grain filling period. There was no interaction effect on growth between nitrogen levels and temperature treatments. Grain yield and grain quality are under measurements.

Leaf color can be used as an indicator of the plant healthiness, and thus digital image analysis may provide farmers and researchers with time- and resource-saving methods for diagnosing plant nutrient status. The digital images are dependent on the ambient light, therefore the color indices of digital images should be compensated for the difference of ambient light. The objectives of this study were to develope the calibration methods for color indices under variable irradiance condition. Four color panels were used for RGB (Red, Green, Blue) values and color indices calibration purpose. Reflectance for each panel was measured by spectro-radiometer with a waveband range of 300 - 1100 nm. The reflectance values of four color panels was used as a reference for calibration of RGB values and color indices. Using digital camera color images were taken for rice canopies together with reference panel that was set up at the level of canopy surface. Digital images were obtained form rice fields with variable nitrogen fertilization managements at active tillering to panicle initiation stage. The calibration coefficients for color image indices were calculated by using the linear regression equation between the pixel values of color image for reference panel and their known reflectance values. The determination coefficients (r2) of linear regression between non-calibrated mean B values of plant pixels in color image and shoot nitrogen contents in four rice varieties, Odae, Hwasung, Chucheong, and Ilpum, was 0.30, 0.27, 0.37, and 0.27, respectively, while the respective r2 values were increased to 0.79, 0.85, 0.77, and 0.53.by applying the calibration coefficient. These results imply that color digital image analysis could be a promising method for diagnosing nitrogen nutrition status of rice canopy.

GE interaction is the expression of differential genotypic adaptation across environments. GE interactions through different stability parameters and performance of the traits of genotypes were studied. The traits were days to maturity, pod length, number of pods/ plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant in ten soybean genotypes across five environments. Significant differences were observed for genotypes, environments and GE interactions. Stability analysis after Eberhart and Russell's model suggested that the genotypes used in this study were all more or less responsive to environmental changes. Most of the genotypes perform better in Env.3. Based on phenotypic indices(Pi), regression (S2di) genotype Garurab was found fairly stable for days to maturity. BS-23 and G-2120 may be considered as stable genotype for pod length. All the genotypes except G-2120 showed that the genotypes were relatively unstable under environmental fluctuation for the number of pod/plant. Genotype BS-23 was found most stable among all the genotypes for 100-seed weight. BS-3 and Gaurab was the most stable and desirable genotypes for seed yield in soybean.