The family Pterophoridae (Lepidoptera) commonly known as 'plume moths' is cosmopolitanand comprises 1,136 species in the world (Gielis, 2003). Of these, approximately 250 species are known in the Palaearctic Region (Arenberger, 1995). In Korea, since two species of the family, Platyptilia rhododactyla (Denis et Schiffermller)) and P. suigensis Matsumura were reported by Matsumura (1931) and Park (1983) listed 7 species for the fauna of Korea, excepting P. suigensis, no additional species has been reported from Korea. The genus Nippoptilia, belonging to subfamily Platyptilinae,is a small group with only 7 described species in the world. Of them, 4 species Nippoptilia eochrodes (Meyrick), N. issikii Yano, N. minor Hori, and N. vitis (Sasaki) have been known in the Palearctic Region (Gielis 2003), distributing 3species from Japan (Gielis, 2003) and a single species from China, and N. vitis (Sasaki) from Korea respectively. This paper is aimed to review all known species of the genus Nippoptilia in Korea, based on material deposited in all available collections in Korea. All the type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Insect collection, Korea National Arboretum, Korea.

Factors other than a time-sense relationship govern tense selection. Thus, it is misleading to teach verb tense choice based on time lines only. We need to point out the communicative purposes of verb tenses in discourse frames. Motivated by a concern for the pedagogical significance of studying tense choice in relation to rhetorical functions, this paper investigates tense choice in English research article abstracts written by English native speaking authors and Korean authors, using Hyland’s (2004) model. Few differences were found between the NS and the NNS. However, we can see that tense use conventions are changing, especially in the Product move, which corresponds to the Results move in general terms. Quite a few authors employed the present tense in the Product move which has conventionally preferred the use of the past tense. The results show that a question of tense choice in the Product move can not be clear-cut because choosing the present tense does not exclude the possibility of the past and vice versa. Nevertheless, the discussion in this study gives us the confidence to make judgements of modality we intend in appropriate ways.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cryoprotectants, warming solution and removal of lipid on open pulled straw vitrification (OPS) method of porcine embryos produced by nuclear transfer (NT) of fetal fibroblasts. All solutions used during vitrification were prepared with holding medium consisting of 25 mM Hepes buffered TCM199 medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 38.5℃. The blastocysts derived from NT with or without lipid were vitrified in each medium of different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG). Also, blastocysts after cryopreservation were warmed into different concentrations of sucrose in warming solution. The optimal concentrations of cryoprotectants in vitrification solution were 10% DMSO + 10% EG in vitrification solution 1 (VS1) and 20% DMSO + 20% EG in vitrification solution 2 (VS2). The optimal concentrations of sucrose were 0.3 M sucrose in warming solution 1 (WS1) and 0.15 M sucrose in warming solution 2 (WS2). Lipid removal from oocytes before NT enhanced the viability of NT embryos after vitrification. Our results show that use of the OPS method in conjunction with lipid removal provides effective cryopreservation of porcine nuclear transfer embryos.

Oral squamous carcinoma (OSC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral mucosa. Although the etiology of OSC is not fully understood, accumulated evidences indicate that the activation of proto-oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes underlie the disease development. An OSC cell line, YD-9 was newly established and characterized. However, the mutational analysis of p53 gene was not performed. Thus, in this study, the presence of mutation in the p53 gene was examined by amplification of exon-4 to -8 and subsequent DNA sequencing. Two point mutations were found in exon-4 and -6: A to G, resulting in amino acid change Tyr to Cys in exon-4, and C to G, resulting in amino acid change Gly to Arg in exon-6, respectively. Any mutation was not found in the exon-5, -7 and -8. The presented results would contribute to basic research to understand the biological mechanism of OSC using YD-9 cells.

This study was designed to evaluate effects of BSA, PVA, gonadotropins and follicle shell during IVM of porcine oocytes and subsequent development to the blastocyst stage after IVF. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in TCM-199 media containing 4 mg/ml BSA and 1 mg/ml PVA during IVM for 44 hr. To compare the effect of gonadotropins on oocyte maturation, COCs were cultured with FSH+LH, FSH, LH and FSH-LH-free media during IVM, respectively. Also, different number of follicle shells (0, 2, 4 and 6) was used to examine whether the presence of follicle shell in culture medium affects oocyte maturation. The percentages of fertilization and blastocyst formation, respectively, were higher in the medium containing the PVA (49.0 and 17.9%) than those containing the BSA (40.0 and 12.2%). Significantly higher rates of MII oocytes were in the presence of FSH+LH and FSH (88.6 and 85.1%) compared to other treatments (64.0 and 53.4% at LH and FSH-LH-free media). Co-culture with inverted follicle shells in 2 ml maturation medium enhanced the developmental competence of porcine oocytes. In conclusion, PVA could be used as a macromolecules instead of BSA, and FSH and follicle shell played important roles in maturation of porcine oocytes.