벼멸구에 대(對)한 벼품종간(品種間)의 피해(被害)와 수량(收量)을 조사(調査)하였다. 1983 년(年) 전남(全南) 해남(海南)에서 29개(個) 벼품종(品種)을 살충제무산포구(殺蟲劑無散布區), 살충(殺蟲) 및 살충제무산포구(殺蟲劑無散布區), 살균제무산포(殺菌劑無散布) 두어 이앙(移秧)하고 충밀도(蟲密度), 벼고사시기(枯死時期), 수량(收量)을 조사(調査)하였다. 삼강(三剛)벼, 가야(伽倻)벼, 한강(漢江)찰벼, 청청(靑靑)벼는 극히 낮은 밀도(密度)와 피해(被害)가 없었고 밀양(密陽) 30호(號)와 원풍(圓豊)벼는 중간정도(中間程度)의 밀도(密度)와 피해(被害)를 보였고 그 이외(以外) 품종(品種)은 높의 밀도(密度)와 고사현상(枯死現狀)을 나타냈다. 살충제무산포(殺蟲劑無散布)에 의한 수량(收量) 감수효과(減收效果)가 적었던 품종(品種)은 가야(伽倻)(12%), 삼강(三剛)벼(29%), 한강(漢江)찰벼(35%)였고 감수효과(減收效果)가 컷던 품종(品種)은 복광(福光)벼(260%), 팔금(八錦)(223%), 송전(松前)벼(200%), 관악(冠岳)벼(200%)였다.

An Intergenerational Horticultural Program in a rural community in Korea was tried out to enhance social interaction between elderly citizens and children, to promote the positive self-esteem of the elderly in a rural community, to change the attitude of children towards the elderly, and to create a rural community full of vitality. The clients were 20 elderly (60-80 years old) and 40 preschool children (6-7 years old). The activities in this program included seed of hope, round autumn garden, dish garden, in the vegetable patch, flower decoration for the Chuseok Festival, rainbow flower basket, heart card, fragrance of love, and a kimchi party. The results were a decrease in depression among the elderly from 44.0% to 33.7%. General satisfaction among the elderly was 100%. The desire to rejoin among the elderly was 100%. General satisfaction among the children was 100%. The desire to rejoin among the children was 93.5%.

This study was performed to analyze the improvement of soil physical property and soil biota characteristics through cultivation of green manure crops for a one-year period before creation of a tea plantation as follows. The study revealed that the contents of available phosphate tended to decrease after sod-culture by green manure cultivation and open-pollination, when compared to the level before cultivation. The ratio soil porosity increased by approximately 30% when Crotalaria juncea and Sorghum bicolar L. Moench were cultivated, while the soil bacteria and fungi also increased. In a research on microfauna using a pit fall trap, the population number of the microfauna was 174 of 27 species in the plot of open-pollinated sod-culture and no organic matter application, and 268 of 26 species in the plot of Sorghum bicolar L. Moench. Consequently, the culturing tool of Crotalaria juncea recorded the highest level of species diversity at 2.5, the evenness index at 3.7 and richness at 4.6, with the lowest level of a dominance index. The ecological quotient of microfauna was 0.76 in the plot of Sorghum bicolar L. Moench, and 0.63 in the plot of Crotalaria juncea.

The successful development of embryos cloned by nuclear transfer (NT)have been dependent on a wide range of known factors including cell cycle of donor and recipient ooplast, oocyte quality, NT procedure and oocyte activation. The present study compared the development of cloned porcine embryos following different activation treatments. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from 26 mm follicles of slaughterhouse ovaries and cultured for 22 h in NCSU #23 medium supplemented with 10% porcine follicular fluid, 0.57 mM cysteine, 0.5 g/mL LH, 0.5 g/mL FSH and 10 ng/mL EGF. The COCs were further cultured for an additional 22 h in the same medium at in an atmosphere of 5% in air, without hormonal supplements. Primary cultures of fibroblasts isolated from a female fetus on day 40 of gestation were established in DMEM + 15% FCS. For nuclear donation, cells at the 5th-6th passage were cultured in DMEM +0.5% FCS for 5 days in order to arrest the cells in G0/Gl. After enucleation, oocytes were reconstructed by transfer of donor cells and fusion with three DC pulses (1.4 KV/cm, 30 sec) in 0.28 M mannitol containing 0.01 mM and 0.01 mM . Eggs were then divided into three treatment groups, control (without further treatment, Group 1), eggs cultured in 10 g/ml cycloheximide (CHX) for 5 h (Group 2), and eggs cultured in 1.9 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) for 5 h (Group 3). The eggs were then cultured in sets of 30 in 60 I drops of NCSU#23 supplemented with 4mg/ml BSA (essentially fatty acid free) until day 7 at in a humidified atmosphere of 5% . On day 4 the culture were fed by adding 20 I NCSU #23 supplemented with 10% FBS. Development rates into blastocysts were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Group 3 embryos compared to Group 1 controls (, respectively), but rates did not differ in Group 2 compared to control (). Total cell number in Group 3 blastocysts was however significantly higher (P<0.05) than in Groups 1 and 2 (, respectively). These results suggest that 6-DMAP is more efficient than cycloheximide in the activation of electrically fused NT oocytes during in vitro production of cloned porcine embryos.

Offspring have been produced from somatic cells in a number of species. This biotechnology introduced a new phenomenon in reprogramming and differentiation of somatic cell, namely totipotency. However, birth of oversized calves and perinatal abnormalities such as increased gestation length, lack of spontaneous parturition, higher incidence of dystocia, and reduced perinatal viability of offspring are frequently observed in pregnancies of cloned bovine fetuses. Disturbance of feto-placenta has been proposed as likely causes for abnomal growth. However. Little is known the mechanism responsible for the perinatal problems. Therefore, we focused on gestation length in somatic cell nuclear recipient cows. To solve this issues, placental tissues of control and cloned bovine were obtained by a cesarean section (C-section) before 5 days of paturition. Total RNA from control and cloned bovine placenta was extractd by TRIzol reagent. GeneFishing DEG kits (Seegene) were used to identify differentially expression genes. Total RNA (3 ug) were synthesized by M-MLV reverse transcriptase (200 u/ul) with 10 uM dT-annealing control primer (ACP1) at 42C for 90 min. Then, first-strand cDNA (50 ng) was amplified using the 5 uM arbitary ACP (1-20) and 10 uM dT-ACP2 primers. Some specific expression genes were amplified, Now, we are cloning and sequencing. These finding strongly can be support to solve the problems for parturition delay in nuclear transfer cows, suggest that placenta specific proteins are key indicators for the aberration of gestation and placental function in cows.

In ultrastructure study of testis, Sertoli cells start to differentiate at 16 days of gestation. Transcripts of FSH receptor, IGF-I receptor, ER receptor and androgen receptor were highly and initially expressed at 16 day of gestation. As results of in situ PCR at 16 day of gestation, transcripts of FSH, IGF-I receptor were detected in Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, whereas the receptors of and androgen were detected in Sertoli cells. Therefore, expression of FSH and estrogen androgen, IGF-I and could play an important role during fetal and prepubertal testicular development by stage specific manner in mouse.