This research verified the usefulness and practicality of citrus peel extract as a natural dye. This study dyed cotton, silk, and cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics using citrus peel extract, and measured the dyeability and functional property to verify their usefulness and practicality. The dyeing affinity of the citrus peel extract was measured by dyeing under alkaline conditions to determine the temperature and time for optimal dyeing conditions of the solution. The results show that a temperature and time of 60℃ and 30 minutes were optimal for dyeing cotton fabrics with citrus peel extract, 50℃ and 60 minutes for silk fabrics, and 60℃ and 60 minutes for cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics, respectively. In addition the results of measuring the color fastness of the cotton, silk, and cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics dyed with the citrus peel extract show that the color fastness was superior for washing, friction, sweat, and water. However, the color fastness for sunlight appeared to be slightly weak. In addition, it was found that fabric dyed with the citrus peel extract showed partial antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial property appeared the greatest in the silk fabric. The cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics had 90% or more Staphylococcus aureus present, but the antimicrobial properties were not high in the cotton fabric. Additionally, the heavy metal content, which is harmful to the human body, appeared to be lower than standard figures, so the dye was found to be innocuous to humans. Therefore, when the results of this study are put together, citrus peel extract is sufficiently useful and practical as an ingredient for a natural dye. Moreover, there is ample possibility to develop citrus peel dyed fabrics as environmentally friendly fashion materials.

The sintering behavior and mechanical property of Mo nanopowder was investigated as a function of various sintering condition. Mo oxide nanopowders were milled using a high energy ball-milling process. After the ball milling for 20h, the crystalline size of was about 20 nm. The nanopowders were reduced at the temperature of without holding time in atmosphere. The sinterability of Mo nanopowder and commercial Mo powder was investigated by dilatometric analysis. Mo nanopowder and commercial Mo powder were sintered at for 1 hand for 3 h, respectively. In both specimens the measured relative density was about 95%. But the measured hardness values were 2.34 GPa for nanopowder and 1.87 GPa for commercial powder. Probably due to finer grain size of the sintered body prepared from Mo nanopowder than that prepared using commercial Mo powder. The mean grain sizes were measured to be about 1.4 mm and 6.2 mm, respectively.