We investigate the effect of phosphorous content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe83.2Si5.33-0.33xB10.67-0.67xPxCu0.8 (x = 1–4 at.%) nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys. The simultaneous addition of Cu and P to nanocrystalline alloys reportedly decreases the nanocrystalline size significantly, to 10–20 nm. In the P-containing nanocrystalline alloy, P atoms are distributed in an amorphous residual matrix, which suppresses grain growth, increases permeability, and decreases coercivity. In this study, nanocrystalline ribbons with a composition of Fe83.2Si5.33-0.33xB10.67- 0.67xPxCu0.8 (x = 1–4 at.%) are fabricated by rapid quenching melt-spinning and thermal annealing. It is demonstrated that the addition of a small amount of P to the alloy improves the glass-forming ability and increases the resistance to undesirable Fex(B,P) crystallization. Among the alloys investigated in this work, an Fe83.2Si5B10P1Cu0.8 nanocrystalline ribbon annealed at 460oC exhibits excellent soft-magnetic properties including low coercivity, low core loss, and high saturation magnetization. The uniform nanocrystallization of the Fe83.2Si5B10P1Cu0.8 alloy is confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis.

This research verified the usefulness and practicality of citrus peel extract as a natural dye. This study dyed cotton, silk, and cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics using citrus peel extract, and measured the dyeability and functional property to verify their usefulness and practicality. The dyeing affinity of the citrus peel extract was measured by dyeing under alkaline conditions to determine the temperature and time for optimal dyeing conditions of the solution. The results show that a temperature and time of 60℃ and 30 minutes were optimal for dyeing cotton fabrics with citrus peel extract, 50℃ and 60 minutes for silk fabrics, and 60℃ and 60 minutes for cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics, respectively. In addition the results of measuring the color fastness of the cotton, silk, and cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics dyed with the citrus peel extract show that the color fastness was superior for washing, friction, sweat, and water. However, the color fastness for sunlight appeared to be slightly weak. In addition, it was found that fabric dyed with the citrus peel extract showed partial antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial property appeared the greatest in the silk fabric. The cotton/mulberry fiber blended fabrics had 90% or more Staphylococcus aureus present, but the antimicrobial properties were not high in the cotton fabric. Additionally, the heavy metal content, which is harmful to the human body, appeared to be lower than standard figures, so the dye was found to be innocuous to humans. Therefore, when the results of this study are put together, citrus peel extract is sufficiently useful and practical as an ingredient for a natural dye. Moreover, there is ample possibility to develop citrus peel dyed fabrics as environmentally friendly fashion materials.

본 연구는 인피섬유만을 사용하여 한지를 제조함에 따라 폐기되어지는 닥나무 목질부로 세라믹을 제조하여 기능성 한지의 첨가제로 이용하기 위해 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 다양한 조건에서 제조된 닥나무 세라믹을 첨가한 한지의 원적외선 방사율 및 방사에너지는 수지함침율과 탄화온도가 높을수록 저하되었고 세라믹의 첨가량이 증가할수록 상승하였으며, 세라믹의 첨가로 90% 이상의 비교적 높은 방사율을 나타내었다. 또한 세라믹 한지의 포름알데히드에 대한 탈취율은 수지 함침율과 탄화온도가 높을수록 점차 감소하였지만 세라믹의 첨가량이 증가할수록 상승하여 전체적으로 70% 이상의 의미 있는 탈취율을 나타내었다.

This study analyzes and compares Hanji made with loess to Hanji made with kaolin, two yellow-based inorganic pigments, in terms of its physical properties, optical properties, and color fastness to light with the aim of using it as a fashion material. Hanji made by adding inorganic pigments showed an approximately 20% retention ratio on average. This figure was similar to those of loess and kaolin. Physical properties were analyzed, with the following results. A higher amount of additives lowered the apparent density and increased thickness and bulk. In general, inorganic pigment-added Hanji had lower tensile strength, bursting strength, and folding endurance compared to non-additive Hanji. The analysis of optical properties showed a lower brightness index for Hanji made with inorganic pigments compared to non-additive Hanji. When comparing the two inorganic pigments, the brightness of Hanji made with kaolin was higher. Regarding color fastness to light, loess showed level 4 and kaolin showed level 5 when 25% inorganic pigments on pulp were added to Hanji. Thus, Hanji made by adding inorganic pigments during the manufacturing process may perform well as materials for fashion because the additives enhanced both the color fastness to light and the bulk while maintaining the strength. In addition, Hanji dyed with inorganic pigments may have the potential to serve as materials for the fashion industry while still retaining the characteristics of Hanji.

We investigated the natural antimicrobial activities of Capsella bursa-pastoris water, methanol, and ethanol extracts. Antimicrobial activities of these extracts and sodium benzoate on Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were compared. The inhibition zone diameters of the methanol and ethanol extracts of Capsella bursa-pastoris were 13-20 mm and 12-20 mm, respectively, which were larger than those of sodium benzoate (11-15 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Capsella bursa-pastoris methanol and ethanol extracts were 12.5-20 mg/mL. These results indicate that Capsella bursa-pastoris methanol and ethanol extracts can be used as natural antimicrobial agents.