이 글에서는 이사부의 신라영토확장과 우산국을 중심으로 지금까지의 연구성과를 기반으로 몇 가지 사항을 중점적으로 검토해 보았다. 우선, 이사부 관련자료를 그 생애와 활동을 중심으로 보다 치밀하게 검토한 바, 그 출생년대는 이를 전하는 기사가 찾아지지 않으므로 추정하기 어렵지만, 그 사망년대에 대해서는 관련자료를 적극 검토하여, 이사부는 562년 가야 정벌과 관련된 기사 이후 그 추적이 어려우며, 당시의 나이(대략 77세)를 고려할 때 자연사했을 가능성이 높을 것이라 추정해 보았다. 다음으로, 『國史』의 편찬과 연관하여 그 편찬 목적과 의의에 대하여 검토해 보았다. 그 결과 국가와 왕실의 위엄을 내외에 과시하려는 의도뿐만 아니라, 그 자 체 중앙집권적 귀족국가 건설의 문화적 기념탑이라는 논의에 동의하면서, 더 나아가 지증왕․법흥왕․진흥왕대의 국가발전과 관련하여 중국문화의 수용과 그 변화 내용을 담지하고 있었을 가능성을 관련자료를 통하여 검토해 보았다. 그 증좌로 지증왕대 이후 중국과 밀접한 정치․사회적 변화가 『國史』의 편찬과 연관이 있었으며, 그 결과가 『三國史記』에 반영되어 나타나고 있다고 추론해 보았다. 그 다음으로, 신라의 영토확장과정과 우산국에서는 기왕에 신라에서 소국을 어떻게 편제하였으며, 특히, 실직과 우산국의 편제 방식이 다른 점을 중심으로 검토해 보았다. 그 결과 실직은 소국으로서 신라사회와 다양한 접촉을 보여주고 있으며, 그에 반해 하슬라는 실직을 거점으로 편제되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이에 반해 우산국은 朝貢을 통한 편제 방식이 보이고 있으므로 그러한 사례를 분석하여 이에 의미를 부여해 보았다. 끝으로, 우산국 정복 관련자료를 재검토할 필요성이 제기되는 바, 지금까지 『三 國史記』관련자료만을 신뢰하여 그에 근거한 해석을 시도하고 있으나, 『三國遺事』에 보이는 기사를 중심으로 다른 의미를 부여해보았다. 그 결과 『三國史記』에 보이는 우산국 기사는 導論的 성격이 강한 의미로 해석하여, 『三國遺事』의 우산국 정복 결과 하슬라주 군주로 임명되었을 가능성을 검토하여 새로운 의견으로 제시해 보았다.

This paper aims to find out the statistical characteristics of the weather related railroad accidents and incidents. Data from Korea Railroad Operation Information System(KROIS) and Korea Railroad Accidents reports during 1996-2008 were used to investigate the occurrence frequency of railroad accidents and operation obstacles and their association with weather phenomena. The results are as follows; The occurrence frequency of railroad accidents and operation obstacles decrease gradually, and most of railroad accidents is a railroad traffic accidents. The amount of damages by a railroad weather-related accidents is higher than those of the railroad accidents and operation obstacles. It was also found that weather events influencing the railroad weather-related accidents and incidents are rainfall, snowfall, lightning, winds. And they caused a railroad weather-related accidents and incidents, such as railway obstruction, signal failure, and power supply failure. Therefore we need research about threshold review and a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a railroad weather-related accidents and incidents according to climate change.

With increasing population densities in cities, underground facilities and entertainment locations are proliferating at a rapid pace in efforts to maximize the use of land. The purpose of this study is to evaluate CO concentration level of subway stations having underground platforms in Busan Metropolitan City, from September to November 2000, over seven times. The places of inquiry include Yonsan-dong station, Somyon station, Busan station, Nampo-dong station and Dusil station. The samplings were conducted at three points of each station, i.e. gates, ticket gates, and platforms. The component of CO concentration is the main elements of indoor air quality evaluation. The total concentrations and average concentrations of CO were the higher at the Somyon station. The distribution of CO concentrations at each station, generally was higher at gate than ticket gates and platforms. The I/O ratios(I-platforms, O-gates) were expressed highly than 1 at the Yonsan-dong station, Busan station, Nampo-dong station and were lower than 1 at the others.

The purpose of this study is designed to estimate the air quality of subway stations that have the underground platforms in Pusan Metropolitan City, from September to November 2000, over seventimes. The subjects include Yonsan-dong station, Somyon station, Pusan station, Nampo-dong station, and Tushil station. The samplings were conducted at three points of each station, i.e. gates, ticket gates, and platforms. The major materials for analysis were CO, NO, NO2, and O3. The experiment was conducted at 7:00 pm with KIMOTO HS-7 Handy sampler and Tedlar Bag of SKC INC(U.S.A). In order to more fully understand station environments, we also measured temperature at each point. The results showed that O3 average concentration at Yonsan-dong station was higher than others with 38～51 ppb. The average concentration of NO was high at ticket gate and platform at Somyon station(119 ppb, 122 ppb), Nampo-dong station(102 ppb, 100 ppb). These results show that the air pollution of stations with underground shopping malls was higher than others. At Somyon station having a junction station, NO and NO2 concentration level of platform-2(noncrowded) was higher than platform-1(crowded). This is most likely due to the accumulation of air pollutants and inadequate ventilation systems.

A case of air pollution study of estimation of emission rate for source to railroad rolling stock and emissive character about is unusual. Recent emission rate of railroad rolling stock was estimated with emission factor of EPA in three region(Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido). But this EPA factor could be incorrect because Korea and America have a different railroad environment in the variety of fuel and character of railroad rolling stock. In this study, emission rate of each line, car and region(district) with emission factor of Korean case(National Railroad Administration, 1997) was estimated. In Busan Metropolitan City, railroad rolling stocks were divided accoding to, each line, car and service. Particularly, the idle fuel rate omitted in the preceding study was included in calculation fuel rate. Total emission rate of Busan Metropolitan City was 887.41t/year. Each emission rates of Kyeongbu line, Donghaenambu line, Gaya line, Uam line, Bujeon line, and idle was 489.15t, 196.46t, 33.94t, 12.66t, 6.47t, and 148.72t, respectively.