Sialolith is a common disease of salivary glands characterized by the development of salivary stones, resulting in the salivary ductal obstruction. The chief complaints of patients with sialoliths are pain and swelling of the involved gland during meals. Most sialoliths are found in the submandibular gland of middle-aged patients. The size of the salivary stones can vary, but most of them are less than 10mm in size, giant sialoliths(larger than 15mm) are very rare. In this case, we report a 68-years old female patient who had removal of a giant sialolith located in left proximal Wharton’s duct by less invasive intraoral surgical technique successfully. We also review related literature.

Bovine coat color is decided by the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) genotype mutation and melanogenesis. Specially, in the various cattle breeds, dominant black coat color is expressed by dominant genotype of ED, red or brown is expressed in the frame shift mutation of recessive homozygous e by base pair deletion and wild type of E+ is expressed in various coat colors. However, not very well known about the effected of MC1R genotype mutation on the coat color through family lines in KBC. Therefore, this study were to investigate effect of MC1R genotype mutation on the coat color, and to suggest mating breed system in accordance with of MC1R genotype for increased on brindle coat color appearance. Parents (sire 2 heads and dam 3 heads) and offspring (total : 54 heads) from crossbreeding in KBC family line with the MC1R genotype and phenotype records were selected as experimental animals. The relationship between melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genotypes expression verified by PCR-RFLP, and brindle coat color appearance to the family line of the cross mating breed from MC1R genotype pattern was determined. As a result, 4MC1R genetic variations, E+/E+ (sire 1), E+/e (sire 2 and dam 3), E+/e with 4 bands of 174, 207 and 328 bp (dam 1) and E+/e with 3 bands of 174, 207, 328 and 535 bp (dam 2) from parents (sire and dam) of KBC. However, 3 genetic variations, e/e (24%), E+/E+ (22%) and E+/e (56%) were identified in offspring. Also, brindle coat color expressrated was the e/e with the 0%, E+/E+ with 67% and E+/e with 77% from MC1R genotype in offspring on the cross mating of KBC. Furthermore, when the sire had E+/e genotype and the dam had E+/E+ with the 3 bands or E+/e genotype, and both had whole body-brindle coat color, 62% of the offspring had whole body-brindle coat color. Therefore, the seresults, the mating system from MC1R genotype patterns of the sires (E+/e) and dams (E+/E+ with the 3 bands or E+/e) with brindle coat color may have the highest whole body-brindle coat color expression in their offspring.

A Mixed tumor is a tumor that derives from multiple tissue types. This lesion appears to be mostly Mixed Radiolucent and Radiopaque aspect and typical examples are odontoma, ameloblastic fibroodontoma, ameloblastic fibroma etc. A odontogenic tumor is a neoplasm of the cells or tissues that initiate Odontogenic processes. Typical example is a odontoma. The odontoma is a hamartoma of odontogenic origin. There are two types: compound and complex. A compound odontoma still has the three separate dental tissues (enamel, dentin and cementum), but may present a lobulated appearance where there is no definitive demarcation of separate tissues between the individual "toothlets". It usually appears in the anterior maxilla. The complex type is unrecognizable as dental tissues, usually presenting as a radioopaque area with varying densities. It usually appears in the posterior maxilla or in the mandible. We reported 20-years old male patient who had an atypical mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesion on right mandibule body tentative diagnosed as complex odontoma and excised.