Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are toxic carcinogenic compounds found in wastewater. VOCs require rapid removal because they are easily volatilized during wastewater treatment. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes(EAOPs) are considered efficient for VOC removal, based on their fast and versatile anodic electrochemical oxidation of pollutants. Many studies have reported the efficiency of removal of various types of pollutants using different anodes, but few studies have examined volatilization of VOCs during EAOPs. This study examined the removal efficiency for VOCs (chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene and toluene) by oxidization and volatilization under a static stirred, aerated condition and an EAOP to compare the volatility of each compound. The removal efficiency of the optimum anode was determined by comparing the smallest volatilization ratio and the largest oxidization ratio for four different dimensionally stable anodes(DSA): Pt/Ti, IrO2/Ti, IrO2/Ti, and IrO2-Ru-Pd/Ti. EAOP was operated under same current density (25 mA/cm2) and electrolyte concentration (0.05 M, as NaCl). The high volatility of the VOCs resulted in removal of more than 90% within 30 min under aerated conditions. For EAOP, the IrO2-Ru/Ti anode exhibited the highest VOC removal efficiency, at over 98% in 1 h, and the lowest VOC volatilization (less than 5%). Chloroform was the most recalcitrant VOC due to its high volatility and chemical stability, but it was oxidized 99.2% by IrO2-Ru/Ti, 90.2% by IrO2-Ru-Pd/Ti, 78% by IrO2/Ti, and 75.4% by Pt/Ti anodes The oxidation and volatilization ratios of the VOCs indicate that the IrO2-Ru/Ti anode has superior electrochemical properties for VOC treatment due to its rapid oxidation process and its prevention of bubbling and volatilization of VOCs.

최근 인터넷을 비롯한 각종 미디어 산업에서 사용자 제작 콘텐츠(User Created Content)라는 의미를 지닌 UCC가 급부상하고 있다. UCC에 대한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있으나 UCC의 단점인 단방향 피상적인 형태를 극복하기 위한 상호작용과 관련된 연구는 많지 않다. 특히, 체험적인 상호작용 형태의 UCC의 제작과 그 효과에 대한 연구는 매우 미미하다. 기존의 여러 연구에서 상호작용적인 특성은 교육이나 홍보에 있어서 높은 효과를 가져온 다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공급자 위주의 UCC의 문제점을 제시하고 이를 해결하기 위하여 UCC와 사용자 사이에 상호작용 기능을 갖춘 새로운 형태의 UCC를 제시하였다. 제시한 물산업과 관련된 UCC를 사용자들이 이용한 후 설문 조사를 통해 그 효과를 분석한 결과, 기존의 UCC를 시청하는 것보다 상호작용 UCC를 시청하는 것이 인지도 변화 측면에서 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 또한 이러한 분석결과로부터, 상호작용 UCC가 활성화되면 교육, 상업, 홍보측면에서 큰 도움이 될 것이라는 결과를 나타냈다. 구체적인 설문 결과를 알아보면, 상호작용 UCC가 도움이 된다고 답한 비율이 응답자들 중에서 홍보 분야에서는 84%, 교육 분야에서는 70%, 상업 분야에서는 52%로 나타났다.

The SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor) process is ideally suited to treat high loading wastewater due to its high dilution rate. SBR operates by a cycle of periods consisting of filling, reacting, settling, decanting and idling. The react phases such as aeration or non-aeration, organic oxidation, nitrification, denitrification and other biological reactions can be achieved in a reactor. Although the whole reactions can be achieved in a SBR with time distributing, it is hard to manage the SBR as a normal condition without recognizing a present state. The present state can be observed with nutrient sensors such as NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3--N and PO43--P. However, there is still a disadvantage to use the nutrient sensors because of their high expense and inconvenience to manage. Therefore, it is very useful to use common on-line sensors such as DO, ORP and pH, which are less expensive and more convient. Moreover, the present states and unexpected changes of SBR might be predicted by using of them. This study was conducted to get basic materials for making an inference of SBR process from ORP(oxidation reduction potential) of synthetic wastewater. The profiles of ORP, DO, and pH were under normal nitrification and denitrification were obtained to compare abnormal condition. And also, nitrite and nitrate accumulation were investigated during reaction of SBR. The bending point on ORP profile was not entirely in the low COD/NOx ratio condition. In this case, NOx was not entirely removed, and minimum ORP value was presented over -300mV. Under suitable COD/NOx ratio which complete denitrification was achieved, ORP bending point was observed and minimum ORP value was under -300mV. Under high COD/NOx ratio, ORP bending point was not detected at the first subcycle because of the fast denitrification and minimum ORP value was under -300mV at the time.