Melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by the facultative intracellular gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei, is geographically restricted to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. It commonly affects patients with underlying medical disease, such as diabetes mellitus or renal failure. In South Korea, only six cases of melioidosis have been reported in the literature. However, none of the patients had chronic kidney disease. We report on a case of melioidosis presenting as septicemic pneumonia in a 48-year old man undergoing hemodialysis. He was a returning traveler from Thailand.