In this study, an Co/Fe coated porcelain using a cobalt and ferrous sulfate was sintered at 1,250 oC. The specimens were investigated by HR-XRD, FE-SEM (EDS), Dilatometer, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The surface of the porcelain was uniformly fused with the pigment, and white ware and celadon body specimens were densely fused to a certain thickness from the surface. Other new compounds were produced by the chemical reaction of cobalt/ferrous sulfate with the porcelain body during the sintering process. These compounds were identified as cobalt ferrite spinel phases for white ware and white mixed ware, and an andradite phase for the celadon body, and the amorphous phase, respectively. As for the color of the specimens coated with cobalt and ferrous mixed pigments, it was found that the L* value was greatly affected by the white ware, and the a* and b* values were significantly changed in the celadon body. The L* values of the specimens fired with pure white ware, celadon body, and white mix ware were 72.1, 60.92, 82.34, respectively. The C7F3 pigment coated porcelain fired at 1,250 oC had L* values of 39.91, 50.17, and 40.53 for the white ware, celadon body, and white mixed ware, respectively; with a* values of -1.07, -2.04, and -0.19, and at b* values of 0.46 and 6.01, it was found to be 4.03. As a new cobalt ferrite spinel phase was formed, it seemed to have had a great influence on the color change of the ceramic surface.

석탄회의 주결정상은 mullite, quartz와 calcite로 토양의 광물성분과 입도분포가 유사하여 인공배지의 원료로 사용이 가능하였다. 석탄회-점토(FAJC)계 배지는 점토의 첨가량, 열처리 온도와 유지시간이 증가함에 따라 부피비중과 압축강도가 증가하였으나 흡수율과 겉보기 기공률은 감소하였다. 1,150℃에서 10분간 급속가열 처리한 95FA5JC 배지는 물리적 성질이 우수하였으나 가소성을 부여하는 점토의 첨가량 부족으로 성형체의 제작이 곤란하여 인공배지를 제조하기 위하여는 10%(w) 이상의 점토의 첨가가 필요하였다 1,150℃에서 10분간 급속가열 처리한 90FA10JC10SD 배지는 톱밥이 가연성 발포제호 작용하여 부피비중 1.14, 흡수율 54.4%, 겉보기 기공률 59.6% 및 압축강도 54kgf.cm-2 이었으며 240시간 경과후의 pH는 7.1로서 양액재배용 인공배지로의 사용이 가능하였다. FACaCS계 배지는 생석회와 소석고의 첨가량이 증가할수록 흡수율과 겉보기 기공율은 감소하였으나, 부피비중과 압축강도는 증가하였으며, 1,100℃에서 20분간 열처리한 90FA10Ca5CS 배지는 물리적 성질이 양호하였으나 논은 pH를 나타내어 pH를 낮추기 위한 전처리 공정이 필요하였다.