In 2000s, three-dimensional shapes of gluon particles in a proton were discovered. It has been demonstrated that asymmetrical gravitational forces exist between these particles. The asymmetric gravitational force between gluon particles in a proton causes that proton to accelerate on its own and this is the basis of the gas mo;ecular motions. In this work, a simplified acceleration model which simulated the asymmetric gravitational force in a proton was proposed. Here we report the comparative study between density distribution of gravitational forces obtained from the proposed model and Max well-Boltzmann velocity distribution that are in good agreement with expressing the behavior of gas molecules respectively.

전기장에 의해 생성 된 진공 분극은 양자장에서 가상 전자-양전자 쌍의 재배열을 만든다. 그러나 정지 전하가 다른 장소로 이동할 때, 정지 전하에 의해 생성된 전기장은 사라질 것이다. 이때, 정지 전하에 의해 분극화된 가상 전자-양전자 쌍들은 같이 소멸된다. 가상 전자-양전자의 소멸 과정에서 가상 광자가 생성되는데, 이때 만들어지는 가상 광자들은 양자 전기 역학에서 자기력을 매개하는 광자가 된다. 이로 인하여, 전하의 이동은 자기장을 발생시키고, 전기장의 변화가 자기장을 생성하게 하는 원인이 된다.

This study reinterpreted Tesla’s gravity theory by Dirac's vacuum. Most of the mass in the proton is in the form of energy from color charges field. Dirac's vacuum, in which virtual particle-antiparticle pairs are constantly producing and annihilating repeatedly, is polarized by the electric and color charges contained in the masses. Polarization of the virtual particles leads to rigidification of the vacuum, which leads to paralysis of the vacuum’s function of gravity transmission. This paralysis of the vacuum’s function of gravity transmission between the two masses does not allow the gravitational field lines to pass each other, and finally, causes universal gravitation. For the aspherical anisotropic gravitational field, it is found that the symmetry of universal gravity is not maintained, unlike the result obtained by the principle of superposition. This study interprets universal gravitation mechanism by using vacuum polarization.

The curvature of spacetime represented by Einstein field equation has many physical implications, including gravity. As light is deflected by the curvature of spacetime, a magnetic field will also be influenced by the curved spacetime. A permanent magnet is generally known to maintain its persistent magnetic field on the ground as long as there is no external magnetic interference. However, a series of experiments find that there are noticeable changes in the magnetic fields distribution while the permanent magnet rotates. The magnetic field lines of the permanent magnet are deflected towards Earth’s centre, implying a possibility that we can use magnetic field, a more efficient tool than a satellite, to measure the curvature of spacetime. However, comparing the experimental results of this study with theoretically obtained values of the curvature of spacetime remains a vast area of research for future studies.

Indoor Lighting can be improved by using a refractive lens. This lens is a flat-plate, and patterns are engraved on its surface. The engraved patterns are designed to refract sun's rays. In this study, two patterns have been suggested. The one is designed to refract sun's rays in one direction. The another is designed to refract sun's rays in 4 directions. The designed patterns were machined with a diamond tool and engraved on an experimental Poly Methyl Meta Acrylate flat-plate. Optical experiments have been done by using a laser rays and natural sun's rays. The results showed that sun's rays refracted in one or 4 directions effectively. The refracted rays also improved indoor lighting.