본 연구에서는 통계적인 방법을 통해 DSM 제작에 있어, 토지피복과 식생의 영향을 정량적으로 살펴보았다. 산림지역이 DSM과 DEM 사이의 고도 차이를 증가시키는데 가장 큰 역할을 하였으며, 수종에 따라 약간의 차이는 있지만 침엽수림과 혼효림보다 는 활엽수림의 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 항공사진의 촬영 문제, 왜곡, 촬영 당시 형태나 위치가 변하는 문제와 그늘 지역이 통계적인 관련을 낮춘 주요 원인으로 생각된다. 통계적인 관련을 낮춘 여러 원인에도 불구하고, 본 연구의 결과는 식생에 따른 임관의 형태적 특성을 직접적으로 반영한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구와 같은 자료가 보다 쌓인다면, DSM과 DEM의 특성을 통해 산림 속성과 수종 분포와 같은 정보를 확인할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study tried to reveal pattern of change in climatic normals during 1981-2010 and 1991-2020 from 28 weather stations in South Korea as well as its relationships with land cover change. Most of the weather stations showed temperature increase during 1991-2020 compared to 1981-2010, and positive correlations were found between temperature and urbanization in land cover, with the highest correlation coefficient in min. temperature. Temperature data also showed negative correlations with suburbanization in land cover, with lower correlation coefficients than urbanization in land cover. Overall decreases in relative humidity were revealed from the weather stations. However, clear relationships between relative humidity and land cover were not found in this study. The other climate data such as precipitation, sunshine and mean wind speed showed various ratios of change depending on the weather stations, without certain relationships with land cover.

This study tries to reveal abnormal trends in climate change from 60 stations in Korea during 1981-2010 by comparisons to the standard station, Chupungnyeong station. Trends in climate change from station with the abnormalities, and their implication and causes are also discussed. Although Wando, Wonju, Mungyeong and Mokpo stations show the most abnormalities, normal trends in climate change from some climate data are also found from Mokpo station. On the other hand, some climate data from Suwon, Jeonju, Jinju, Icheon and Geumsan stations indicate the most normalities. It should be noted that variabilities of climate data are largely different, indicating that clear trends in climate change may not be extracted. The fact that some stations with the abnormalities from some climate data also show the normalities should be also noted. This study suggests that most stations with the most abnormalities may be relevant to relocation of station.

This study analyzes relationship between land cover change and local climate data of 46 weather stations in South Korea from the 1980s to 2000s. The used area shows proportional relationships to mean daily min. temperature and mean temperature, and a reverse relationship is found between the used area and relative humidity. However, the forest indicates reverse relationships to mean daily min. temperature and mean temperature. The agricultural land causes to increase in relative humidity and decrease in mean wind speed, while the water increases mean daily min. temperature, daily min. temperature and mean temperature as well as mean wind speed. The urbanization type (used area + barren) shows high correlations with temperature and humidity. The suburbanization type (agricultural land + forest + grass + wetland) has high correlations with temperature and wind speed. High correlations are also found between the waterfront type (wetland + water), and temperature and wind speed. It can be concluded that change in land cover around weather station obviously influences on climate data of the weather station and it is also expected that reliability and homogeneity of climate data from a weather station can be enhanced by this study.

Land cover around weather station can affect various climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation, wind and moisture. This study tries to reveal patterns and causes in land cover changes around weather stations in South Korea and to classify types of the land cover changes. The agricultural land, forest and used area have occupied most areas around un-relocated 47 weather stations with enough weather observation durations for the past 20-30 years. Area of the agricultural land shows steady decrease with remarkable areal decrease in the wetland, while steady areal increase is found in the used area. Due to urban expansions and new town developments around the weather stations, areas of the urbanization type (used area+barren) and suburbanization type (agricultural land+forest+grass+wetland) show steady increase and decrease, respectively. On the other hand, accurate changes in land cover are not reflected in the water-front type (wetland+water) due to errors and limitations in land cover classification using satellite images. It is expected that the results in this study can contribute to reliability and homogeneity enhancement of weather data.

Relocation of weather station leads to changes in geographical climate factors such as latitude, longitude, elevation, topographical relief and land cover of surrounding area that inf luence on local climate. This study analyzes spatio-temporal characteristics and relationships between geographical factors such as location, topographical relief and land cover, and changes in climate data such as temperature, precipitation and wind due to relocation of 12 weather stations in South Korea. Changes in temperature and moisture are attributed to changes in land cover by the relocation. Wonju and Gumi where the stations were relocated from rural to new built-up area show increases in temperature, while temperature in Sokcho, Changwon, Cheonan, Daejeon, Gunsan and Mokpo decreased with the relocations from urban to rural area. Relative humidity in Mokpo, Gunsan and Daejeon increases due to increase in farming land. Changes in topographical relief influence on precipitation, wind and duration of sunshine. The relocation in Chungju to interior of basin led to decreases in precipitation and duration of sunshine, and Boryeong shows decrease in precipitation by the relocation from windward slope to hilly coastal area. Wind speed in Gunsan with the relocation from coastal to inland area decreased due to influence of neighboring hills. Shadow effect by neighboring building or vegetation can be attributed to changes in duration of sunshine in Gwangju and Wonju.

This study is analysed on corelation between topographical conditions around 36 weather stations and climate data in South Korea. As a result of analysis, the altitude above sea level shows linear negative corelation with temperature. The low relative height sites appear that sunshine duration and temperature are the lowest and precipitation and precipitation duration are bigger than average by influences of surrounding landform. The relief amount shows high positive corelation with precipitation phenomena such as precipitation, precipitation duration and cloud amount. In terms of the aspect, southern slope sites show the highest daily minimum temperature and sunshine duration, and western slope sites show daily mean and maximum temperatures. The eastern close sites appear the lowest temperature and the highest humidity. The distance from coastline shows linear negative corelation with temperature data. The far distance sites from coastline appear that temperature, precipitation and precipitation duration are the lowest. In respect of landform structures, the piedmont areas show the highest moisture related indicators. The hill areas show the lowest humidity and cloud amount and the longest sunshine duration. Temperature and wind speed are low in basin areas.

본 연구는 대구·경북 지역의 12개 기상 관측 지점을 대상으로 1981년부터 2010년까지 30년간의 일최고기온 현황과 변화 경향을 파악하고, 일최고기온의 발생과 상관관계가 높은 여타의 기후 요소에 대해서 분석 하였다. 높은 평균 일최고기온을 기록한 곳은 시가지에 기상 관측소가 위치한 대구, 포항, 영천이며, 낮은 평균 일최고기온을 기록한 곳은 관측소의 해발고도가 100m 이상이며, 주변 지역이 산림과 농경지로 이루어진 봉화, 문경, 영주, 안동이다. 30년 동안의 일최고기온 변화 경향은 구미를 제외한 11개 지점에서 일최고기온이 감소하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 구미는 도시 지역으로의 기상대 이전과 주변 지역의 시가지화에 의한 토지 피복 패턴의 변화에 의해 미약하게나마 기온이 상승하는 추세를 보이는 것으로 판단된다. 일최고기온 형성에 있어, 당일의 기후 요소보다는 이전의 무강수일수, 전2일 일조시간, 전2일 운량이 일최고기온 값과 높은 상관성을 보여, 누적적인 승온 효과를 발생시키는 기상·기후 상태가 일최고기온 형성에 중요한 조건으로 판단된다.