본 연구는 충북 청주시 소재 C대학교 인근 커피숍의 외부 및 내부사용 접근성 실태를 시설의 접근과 이 동에 있어서 약자로 간주되는 수동 휠체어 사용자 관점에서 평가하여 개선 방안을 제안하고 접근성 실 태를 시각적으로 확인할 수 있도록 돕는 접근성맵 제작하는 것을 목적으로 진행되었다. C대학교 인근 4개 동의 115개 커피숍을 대상으로 2024년 3월부터 5월까지 자체 제작한 체크리스트를 이용하여 현장 조사를 실시하였으며, 그 결과를 바탕으로 각 동별 커피숍 접근성맵을 제작하였다. 주요 결과와 적용점 은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 113개 진입형 및 혼합형 매장 중 수동휠체어 사용자의 자력진입과 내부 자력주행 및 사용이 모두 가능한 매장은 15.0%에 불과한 반면 수동휠체어 사용자의 자력진입이 불가능하거나 자력 내부 주행 및 사용이 불가능한 매장은 75.2%로 나타났다. 둘째, 비진입형 및 혼합형 커피숍 11개소 의 경우 수동휠체어 사용자의 자력 주문 및 대기가 가능한 매장은 단 한 개소도 나타나지 않았으며, 수동 휠체어 사용자의 주문과 대기가 불가능한 경우가 54.5%였다. 셋째, 충족률이 저조한 항목 중 가장 빈번 한 항목은 계산대나 키오스크 등의 무릎공간 확보였다.

We investigated the toxic effects of difenoconazole on the development in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. To test the toxic effects, frog embryo teratogenesis assays using Xenopus were performed. Embryos were exposed to various concentrations of difenoconazole (0-30 μM). LC100 for difenoconazole was 30 μM, and the LC50 determined by probit analysis was 27.19 μM. Exposure to difenoconazole concentrations ≥5 μM resulted in 10 different types of severe external malformation. Histological examinations revealed dysplasia of the eye, heart, liver, somatic muscle, and swelling of the pronephric ducts. The tissue-specific toxic effects were investigated with an animal cap assay. Blood cells were normally induced at a high frequency by mSCF and activin A. However, the induction of blood cells was strongly inhibited by the addition of difenoconazole. Electron micrographs of tested embryos showed the degeneration of somatic muscle and the shrinkage of microvilli on pronephric duct. The gene expression of cultivated animal cap explants was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It revealed that the expression of the blood-specific marker(β -globin Ⅱ) and muscle-specific marker (XMA) were more strongly inhibited than the neural-specific marker(XEn2) by the addition of difenoconazole.

We investigated the toxic effects of tebuconazole on development in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. To test the toxic effects, frog embryo teratogenesis assays using Xenopus were performed. Embryos were exposed to various concentrations of tebuconazole(0-100 μM). LC100 for tebuconazole was 100 μM, and the LC50 determined by probit analysis was 82.35 μM. The exposure to tebuconazole concentrations ≥40 μM resulted in 11 different types of severe external malformations including gut dysplasia. Histological examinations revealed various dysplasia in the eye, heart, liver, intestine, somatic muscle, and in the pronephric ducts. The tissue-specific toxic effects were investigated with an animal cap assay. Blood cells are generally induced at a high frequency by the combination of mSCF and activin A, however, the induction of blood cells was strongly inhibited by the addition of tebuconazole. Electron micrographs of tested embryos showed many of multivesicular bodies and dysplasia of photo-receptive cell, however, the somatic muscle degeneration was not severe. The gene expression of cultivated animal cap explants was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and revealed that expression of the blood-specific marker, β globin Ⅱ and muscle-specific marker, muscle actin were more strongly inhibited than the neural-specific marker, XEn2.

We investigated the toxic effects of carbaryl on early embryo development in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. To test the toxic effects, frog embryo teratogenesis assays using Xenopus were performed. Embryos were exposed to various concentrations of carbaryl (5∼320 μM). LC100 for carbaryl was 320 μM, and the LC50 determined by probit analysis was the concentration of 235.68 μM. Exposure to 160 μM of carbaryl resulted in 10 different types of severe external malformations. Histological examination revealed dysplasia of the eyes, heart, guts, somatic muscle, dorsal, liver, blood vessel and swelling of the pronephric ducts. Malformation of neural tissue and brain was not severe even in the high dose of carbaryl. Benzidine blood stain showed distinct inhibition of inducing erythrocytes in embryos and animal cap explants. Electron micrographs of embryo revealed retinal detachment, loose photoreceptor lamella and the degeneration of sarcomeres in the carbaryl-treated group. The mitochondrial degeneration was also observed in the test group.