Purpose: This study aimed to identify the status of medication errors by nurses using patient safety incident reports and to gain a detailed understanding of nurses' experiences with medication errors. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used, combining a retrospective analysis of 204 patient safety incident reports on nurses’ medication errors with a qualitative study that explored the experiences of eight nurses through thematic analysis. Results: Most of the medication errors occurred during day shifts in intensive and trauma intensive care units. Injectable drugs accounted for 37.7% of errors, with dosage errors being most frequent. Although 67.6% of incidents resulted in no adverse effects, 65.7% were classified as adverse events, and 89.2% of predicted outcomes indicated potential physical harm to patients. Qualitative analysis of interviews yielded 36 meaningful statements, organized into 11 sub-themes and 3 main themes: (1) the whirlwind of negative emotions caused by medication errors, (2) obstacles in the clinical environment hindering adherence to medication principles, and (3) insights and reflections gained from medication error experiences. Conclusion: Organizations can prevent medication errors by improving workload distribution, ensuring safe environments, addressing staffing shortages, promoting a patient safety culture, and providing psychological support for affected nurses to improve their mental health and productivity.

In this study, an anthropomorphic robot Hand, called “SKKU Hand III” is presented. The hand has thirteen DOF(Degree-Of-Freedom) and is designed based on the skeletal structure of the human hand. Each finger module(except thumb module) has three DOF and four joints with a saddle joint mechanism which has two DOF at the base joint. Two distal joints of the finger module are mechanically coupled by a timing belt and pulleys. The thumb module is composed of a finger module and an additional actuator, which makes it possible to realize the opposition between the thumb and the other fingers. In addition, the palm DOF of the human hand is mimicked with a spatial link mechanism between the index finger and the thumb. Thus, it can grasp objects more stably and more strongly. For the modularization of the robotic hand all the driving circuits are embedded in the hand, and only the communication lines supporting CAN protocol with DC power cable are given as an interface. Therefore, it is possible to apply it to any robot system the interface. To validate the feasibility of the SKKU Hand III, a series of the representative grasp experiments such as power, precision, intermediate grasp etc. are carried out with the object around us and its operation is demonstrated.