Sea transportation has long been a vital component of the transport systems of the world. The great majority of imports and exports to and enlarge their national merchant marines. This effort is meant partly to arrest earlier trends of having their trade carried by ships from outside the region and partly to promote regional integration and improve the national balance of payments. However, sea transportation has been exposed to various types of threats on the high seas, in coastal waters and in port areas. Piracy is any robbery or other violent action, for private ends and without authorization by public authority, committed on the seas. Because piracy has been regarded as an offense against the law of nations, the public vessels of any state have been permitted to seize a pirate ship, to bring it into port, to try the crew(regardless of their nationality or domicile), and, if found guilty, to punish them and to confiscate the ship. Piracy has occurred in all stages of maritime history. The increased size of merchant vessels, the improved naval patrolling of most ocean highways, the regular administration of most islands and land areas of the world, and the general recognition by governments of piracy as an international offense resulted in a great decline in piracy in the 19th and 20th centuries. Piracy has, however, occurred in the 20th century, and the practice of hijacking ships has developed into a new form of piracy. The number of incidents of sea piracy against ships reported was 229 in 1997. Since 1991, 1,051 such acts have been reported. The purpose of this research is to examine the origin and development of the piracy to understand the current situation of such violence on the seas. In addition, what should be done by international community will be presented to prevent the piracy in the future.

Sprague-Dawley rats에 동결건조한 마가목 열매의 물과 메탄올 추출물을 식이에 1% 수준으로 첨가하여 4주간 사육한 결과, 성장률과 식이섭취량에 있어서 각 군 간에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 혈청 중의 total cholesterol과 triglyceride 함량은 대조군에 비해, 마가목 열매의 물과 메탄올 추출물군 모두 유의적으로 감소하였다. HDL-cholesterol과 phospholipids 및 glucose는 각 군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 간장 중의 triglyceride함량을 측정한 결과, 대조군에 비해 메탄올추출물군이 유의적으로 감소하였으나 물추출물군은 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 간장 중의 total cholesterol 함량을 측정한 결과, 물추출물군과 메탄올추출물군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으나 phospholipids 함량은 물추출물군과 메탄올추출물군이 대조군에 비해 약간 증가하였다. 분변량은 각 군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 담즙산 배설은 물추출물군과 메탄올추출물군이 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다.