본 연구는 주왕산국립공원의 주요 탐방로의 물리적 상태, 훼손 유형 및 환경피해도를 평가함으로써 탐방로의 유지관리와 복원을 위해 수행되었다. 주요 탐방로는 주봉 구간, 가메봉 구간, 장군봉~금은광이 구간, 월외 구간 등 4개 구간이다. 노선길이의 경우 주봉 구간 4.6㎞, 가메봉 구간 3.6㎞, 장군봉~금은광이 구간 5.6㎞, 월외 구간 5.9㎞이다. 물리적 상태의 경우 노폭은 주봉 구간이 가장 넓었고 장군봉~금은광이 구간이 가장 좁았다. 나지폭은 주봉 구간이 가장 넓었고 장군봉~금은광이 구간이 가장 좁았다. 침식깊이는 가메봉 구간이 가장 깊었고 월외 구간이 가장 얕았다. 경사는 장군봉~금은광이 구간이 가장 급했고 가메봉 구간이 가장 완만하였다. 토양경도는 가메봉 구간이 가장 높았고 월외 구간이 가장 낮았다. 훼손유형 출현 횟수의 경우 주봉 구간 71회, 가메봉 구간 62회, 장군봉~금은광이 구간 63회, 월외 구간 78회로 나타났다. 환경피해도의 경우 노면침식은 Ⅰ등급과 Ⅱ등급이 유사하였으며, 나머지는 Ⅰ등급이 대체적으로 많기 때문에 건전한 상태인 것으로 생각된다. 향후 탐방로의 지속적인 관리를 위해서는 다양한 환경요소를 고려한 종합적인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 훼손된 탐방로는 주변 환경과 생태계를 고려한 복원계획의 수립이 필요하다.

The extraction of metallic pure vanadium powder from raw oxide has been tried by Mg-reduction. In first stage, powders as initial raw material was reduced by hydrogen gas into phase. powder was reduced in next stage by magnesium gas at 1,073K for 24 hours. After reduction reaction, the MgO component mixed with reduced vanadium powder were dissolved and removed fully in 10% HCl solution for 5 hours at room temperature. The oxygen content and particle size of finally produced vanadium powders were 0.84 wt% and 1 , respectively

A well-maintained landscape can increase the competitiveness of a city. Gyeongju which is the famous ancient capital of Korea, has numerous historical resources. However, the disharmony between the historical landscape and the surrounding landscape weakens the competitiveness of the city. At present, most landscape analysis methods mainly focus on plans, photos, and animation, which have certain limitations in the expression of landscape spatial scale and materials. This study aimed to use the virtual walkthrough method to take the Wolseong District of Gyeongju historical areas as the object in order to evaluate the landscape visually. Compared with planar landscape analysis methods, such as photos and videos, the virtual walkthrough method is more immersive and intuitive to experience the spatial scale. The study results revealed images, visual characteristics, and visual influence factors of the landscape, which provide essential data for the construction and improvement of landscapes in similar historical areas in the future.

This study was carried out to systematically maintain and manage the trails by assessing the physical characteristics, the types of deterioration and impact rating class of trails located in Mt. Nam District of the Gyeongju National Park. The major trails followed 6 routes including Sambulsa-Geumobong(A), Yongjangsaji-Geumobong(B), Yongjanggol-Yiyoungjae- Gowibong(C), Cheonusa-Gowibong(D), Sangseojang-Forest road(E) and Tongiljeon-Forest road(F). The routes length of A was 2.2 km, 2.7 km of B, 3.4 km of C, 1.3 km of D, 2.0 km of E and 1.0 km of F. In the physical characteristics, A was the widest and F was the narrowest in the width and bared width of trail. In depth of erosion, B was the deepest and E was the shallowest. D was the steepest and E was the gentlest in the slope. In the results of analysing the types of deterioration, A were 13 types, 11 types of B, C and D, 10 types of E and 6 types of F. The times of appearance of deterioration types in A were 86 times, 75 times of B, 105 times of C, 48 times of D, 47 times of E and 13 times of F. In case of the impact rating class, trail erosion was Ⅱ degree, Ⅰ degree of trail expansion, root exposure, trail divergence and rock exposure.

This paper has attempted to improve the quality of urban environment in terms of the management of urban green tract and suggest a way of coexistence between human and nature by proposing a plan to establish green network using an urban green zone based on ‘linear concept’ instead of point and plane concepts. The results have turned out as follows: 1. According to current status of forest functions, forest recreation area has reached 39.6%, satisfying citizens’ needs. However, the space for living environment is just about 20% with a lack of a green zone. Therefore, it’s been necessary to establish green network using roadside trees and take advantage of them as sustainable living space along with existing green tract. 2. With forest in the suburbs and Geumhogang which is the tributary to the Nakdonggang, Sincheon (stream) flows through the downtown. It connects mountains including Waryongsan from the south to the north around Duryu Park and Dalseong Park. Therefore, the water system that passes through Palgongsan (Mt.) and Biseulsan (Mt.) would make it possible to connect with the parks in the downtown. 3. According to this paper, it appears that it’s necessary to establish green network through roof or wall greening by focusing on the existing green tract in the urban parks and suburbs and taking advantage of roadside trees and water system.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the village groves in Pohang city by classifying them into 5 categories: sage plantation, shelter-belt plantation, shore plantation, ornamental plantation and bower plantation. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; The village groves in Pohang city consist of 16 sage plantations (128,682㎡), 14 shelter-belt plantations (807,755㎡), 17 shore plantations (447,616㎡), 10 ornamental plantations (141,276㎡) and 6 bower plantations (79,075㎡). Namely, the ratio of shore plantations is highest (n=17) in terms of number, while that of shelter-belt plantations is highest (50.3%) in terms of area. On the other hand, Pinus Thunbergii account for the absolute majority (n=55,239, 74.1%) of the trees, followed by pine trees (n=18,017, 24.2%). Both species are combined to account for 98.3% of the entire trees, which means that the plantations are simple in terms of tree species. When the village groves were compared in terms of functional age, sage plantations are oldest or aged 143 years, followed by bower plantations (aged 137), ornamental plantations (aged 118), shore plantations (aged 92) and shelter-belt plantations (aged 88).

The purpose of this study is to survey and analyze the growth, management and surrounding environment of the big and old trees in Kyoungju-si or the cultural assets alive in our history, and thereby, provide for some data useful to their reasonable protection and use of their surrounding areas. As a result of surveying the growth conditions of the big and old trees, it was found that the height of new grass was 10.5cm on average, the activity scale of the wood was 7.2㏀, the soil hardness was 16.7㎏/㎠, the soil acidity was pH 4.8, and the soil moisture was 13.3%. Such findings suggest that the soil has been acidified by people's frequent passages, but that the other growth conditions are more or less normal. Hence, it is desirable to secure a sufficient space around the trees or reduce people's stamping pressure with some mechanisms. On the other hand, the visible conditions of the trees were found more or less normal, but many trees remained cut or barked (with some cavities), requiring an optimal treatment or measure. Lastly, as the population has decreased in the suburban traditional villages, the surrounding environment seems to be less vulnerable to people's frequent visits. Nevertheless, in consideration of the fact that there are only a few public space for the villagers, it is deemed necessary to rearrange or maintain some parts of the surrounding environment as public space for villagers or hikers.