This paper aims to investigated the origins and characteristics of flags of convenience(FOC) with International Ship Register(ISR), which was recently adopted by a few Western Europe countries(for example, Norway, U.K., France) and to compare FOC with ISR in terms of shipping policy, ship management, and expenses, and tax policy.

According to the report prepared by Legl Committee of IMO, 1978, since the disaster of motor tanker Amoco Cadiz carrying approximate 220, 000 tons of crude oil was wrecked on the coast of France and damaged the largest oil pollution accident in shipping history, Legal Committee of IMO has studied and discussed a new Salvage Convention with assistance of CMI. CMI has prepared a new draft convention under the chairmanship of professor Erling Chr. Selvig and adopted it as a report of CMI to IMO in the 32 Internaltional Conference of CMI, Montreal, May, 1981. This paper has been written to study comparatively andinterprete the questions and/or considerations of the new draft convention by the delegates participated in the Legal Committee of IMO in particular on the private legal view of it. This Salvage Convention Draft has not yet been deliberated thoroughly to agreed the revisiion of the 1910 Convention in accordance with CMI Report 1981 until session 54, March 1985. Therefore this paper has been prepared in the light of the comments made at the Legal Committee in order to interpret the legal questions and contents of the new draft.

The Maritime Commercial Part, which based on the CMI Conventions before 1950s, of the Korea Commercial Code has some critical issues to be improper to the morden internaitonal sea trade. This paper, therefore, has proposed a legislative policy and draft articles in order to make a reasonable and proper shipping law.

The duty of disclosure it is a preliminary requirement to effect marine insurance contract between the assured and the underwriter. The contract of Marine Insurance is called a uberrimae fidei contract, the assured, therefore, in the law of marine insurance, shall communicate a material circumstances to the latter before the policy to be effected. As growing the maritime industries in Korea, there is forming a larger marine insurance market, accordingly, and having a wide relation with the practice of the marine insurance in England. It means that the most of the legal theories of the marine insurance would be adopted by the English Marine Insurance Case Law and M.I.A., 1906. From the viewpoint of the said this author has tried out to study what is the duty of disclosure of the marine insurance based upon the English Marine Case Law.

There are more damages from collision at sea because of the multiple reasons of sea conditions. For the purpose of avoiding collision at sea, Internaitonal Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea, 1972 as an international convention is in force having the nature of international navigating law. According to the nature of the convention and the principle of legislation of the convention, not only it has the preventing nature on collision but it is a basic rules to make clear the faults of collision between vessels by the admiralty court in the developed maritime countries. Since there is no so much case law on it in this country and not to fixed the legal theory to define the faults of collision in civil law as per the above convention, the further study of the civil liability on collision based upon the above convention shall be recognized in the principle of fair of the civil law.

This paper deals with the study of the effective reflecting area of the land targets for the improvement of the map of the Radar Simulator, through the analysis of the pictures on P.P.I Scope. It is very important to anticipate the effective refiecting area of land marks, either forinterpretation of radar scope or for simulating accurately the radar scope, but has seldom been studied theoretically or experimentarily, especially on the stand point of simulating the radar scope. Most of the maps of Radar Simulator in use are made without consideration of the effective reflecting area of land marks, so that the P.P.I. Scope of the Radar Simulator may show much different pictures from the actual shore line and other targets. This paper has derived the following conclusiions by experimental procedures. 1. The effective area of the land target greatly varies according to the gradient of the contours, roughness and material of the land surfaces, so that simulator maps of uniformly coated land taret practically used now many be effectively improved by varying the intensity of the land marks proposed in this paper. 2. The intensity of the land targets on the P.P.I. is also related much to the distance from the radar, so that the precalculation of this effect may results in a much simulated P.P.I. picture improved. 3. If the ambient condition is constant, the intensity of the picture increases as the height of the targets is increased.