A liner ship has its own freight rates on cargoes carried in the trade. This study is on the optimum combination of high and low paying cargoes to deduce the maximum freight revenue in various freight rates at the comparison of low paying freight rate with high paying freight rate in a liner trade. The solution is under the assumption that the probabilities of being booked of high paying cargoes are either a uniform distributiion or a normal distribution. A numerical solution is also used for deriving out the maximum freight revenue which will not have general solution, and also a numerical method is applied for the further-practical results of the clearer relations between high and low freight rates. From the result, we can expect a higher revenue by appropriate combination of high and low freight cargoes according to their freight rates comparison.
This paper deals with the study of the effective reflecting area of the land targets for the improvement of the map of the Radar Simulator, through the analysis of the pictures on P.P.I Scope. It is very important to anticipate the effective refiecting area of land marks, either forinterpretation of radar scope or for simulating accurately the radar scope, but has seldom been studied theoretically or experimentarily, especially on the stand point of simulating the radar scope. Most of the maps of Radar Simulator in use are made without consideration of the effective reflecting area of land marks, so that the P.P.I. Scope of the Radar Simulator may show much different pictures from the actual shore line and other targets. This paper has derived the following conclusiions by experimental procedures. 1. The effective area of the land target greatly varies according to the gradient of the contours, roughness and material of the land surfaces, so that simulator maps of uniformly coated land taret practically used now many be effectively improved by varying the intensity of the land marks proposed in this paper. 2. The intensity of the land targets on the P.P.I. is also related much to the distance from the radar, so that the precalculation of this effect may results in a much simulated P.P.I. picture improved. 3. If the ambient condition is constant, the intensity of the picture increases as the height of the targets is increased.