As the NNSS system calculates ship's position by the doppler shift of the NNSS radio waves caused by the change of the distance between Transit Satellite and the ship, ship's speed error inevitably results in the position error, and moreover this kind of erroris most dominant compared with other errors especially in high speed ships and airplanes. Most NNSS receivers now in use have adoptedsuccessive short doppler counts as positioning data and by investigating the dispersion of serval successive positions calculated and by neglecting the mean position having dispersion of over certain threshold level, more accurate adn safe position is to be achieved. This paper proposes the method of finding ship's true speed by selecting a speed having least position dispersion for given successive doppler counts. And by computer simulation it was verified that the method proposed here is reasonable in finding the ship's desired correct speed together with the correct ship's position.
The usual procedure for the optimal design of ship's steering system is to minimize a chosen quadratic performance index, which isdetermined from the view point of economic run. However, the optimal control synthesized in such a straightforward fashion is unsatisfactory because ship's parameters differ from their nominal values due to uncertainties and errors in measurement and/or simplifications in mathematical modelling, and/or the variation of the ship's loading condition. In an attempt to resolve this difficulty, this paper presents a method for designing a low sensitive optimal steering system in a way as to minimize not only given performance index but also the sensitivity of the performance index and trajectory sensitivity. It is also shown that the optimal control so obtained will result in a system whose performance index and transient response are low sensitive to small varation in ship's time constant.
In order to evaluate rolling characteristics of high speed container carrier the author developed yaw-sway-rudder coupled rool equation, which is likely to be 5th order differential equation. The free rolling time history with particular reference to automatic steering, was computed upon the base of the yaw-sway-rudder coupled roll equation. The computed result explained effects of C1 and C2 on rolling behaviors and furthermore the effect of C2 proved to be very effective where C1 and C2 are yaw gin constant and yaw-rate gain constant of auto-pilot respectively. Computation was carried out using Matsumoto's data of hydrodynamic force derivatives of 5 meter long container model.
Since 1972 the growth of container services in Korea has been explosive and many shipping lines have heavily committed themselves to containerization as a means of lowering their operational costs by introducing capital-intensive methods to the traditionally labour-intensive field of general cargoes. However, by the lack of comprehensive long-range planning for the reception of containerization there has been bottle-neck at some of the stages along which import-export cargo may pass through a berth to shippers' premises. The aim of this article is to examine the present status of containerization in Korea and assess the implications of containerization for the location of the various distributive facilities: ports, inland container transport, inland clearance depots, groupage terminals, distribution depots at the national level.