In this paper, the shear performance of the deep beams with high strength headed reinforcement was evaluated. The experimental parameters are high strength headed bar a gunboat. The shear span-depth ratio (a/d) of specimens was 1. The development length of headed reinforcement was evaluated to have a great influence on the shear strength of the deep beam.

Landfill gases (LFGs), which consists of sulfur compounds, odorous substances such as ammonia and amines, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is generated during the natural process of bacterial decomposition of organic material contained in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The VOCs in the LFGs cannot be only decomposed easily into the soil after landfilling but they also can cause serious problems for the surrounding atmosphere, soil, and groundwater because of their toxicity. Moreover, VOCs have been identified as precursors of photochemical smog and they are toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. Furthermore, VOCs comprise a low rate of the emissions, but they can cause cancer. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the hazard causing by VOCs in LFGs. This study is aim to identify chemicals in LFGs and the hazardous evaluation by mixing between chemicals in LFGs. The selected landfill site in the study is located in Daejeon. Waste generation data were obtained from the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of South Korea. To evaluate the amount of the selected VOCs (47) among the primary disintegration models, LFGs generation model in LandGEM program was used. For the gas mixing reaction, a program called CRW 4.0 was introduced by the NOAA in the United States was used. As a result, the cumulative capacity of landfills in 2015 was estimated at 7,650,682 tons. Therefore, the total LFGs generation in 2015 was 7.717 × 107m³. Also the LFGs showed almost all the hazardous reactions with NOx and O3 in the atmosphere. As VOCs in LFGs mixed air emissions, we confirmed that toxic potential gases such as phosgene, hydrogen halides, halogenated organics, chlorinated amines and acidic fumes are generated.

In this paper, the shear performance of the deep beams with high strength headed reinforcement was evaluated. The experimental parameters are horizontal stiffener and fusing length. The shear span-depth ratio (a/d) of specimens was 1. The development length of headed reinforcement was evaluated to have a great influence on the shear strength of the deep beam.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the compressive strengths of charcoal concrete. Compression experiment was conducted for specimens with various replacement ratio (0%, 10%, 20%) of charcoal. From the test results, it was shown that the compressive strengths of charcoal concrete were reduced with increasing replacement ratio of charcoal.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the bond characteristics of deformed steel bar for concrete with bamboo activated carbon. Pullout test was conducted for specimens with various replacement ratio (0%, 10%, 20%) of bamboo activated carbon. Test results show that it need to use a concrete with a replacement ratio of bamboo activated carbon of 10% or less to retain proper bond strength.

Recently, renal traumas caused by traffic and industrial accidents have risen sharply due to rapid industrialization and an increase in automobiles. The evaluation of patients with suspected renal trauma relies mainly on clinical assessment, urinalysis and imaging studies. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 76 patients who presented to our hospital with renal trauma between January 2008 and December 2014. According to the review, A total of 76 patients presented to our hospital with suspected renal trauma. There were 61 male and 15 female between 2 and 83 years old. By cause, traffic accident was the most common cause of injury, accounting for 39 cases. The remaining injuries were caused by falls in 26 cases, assault in 8 cases and sports-related trauma in 3 cases. Surgical exploration was required in 18 patients for renal or associated injuries. We are of the opinion that close and prompt cooperation with other associated medical departments is mandatory in order to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by multiple injury. Accurate renal injury staging was essential to successful management of traumatized patients.

생산자에게는 상품의 적정가격 보장과 생산의 극대화를 위한 시설 개선으로 소비자의 구매 욕구를 충족시키는 것이다. 막걸리 의 유통 개선 방안을 논의하고 막걸리에 대한 이론과 막걸리 열풍 의 사회적 배경 및 영향, 그리고 막걸리 유통구조의 개선 및 대기 업의 진입으로써 막걸리 업계에 미치는 영향, 지속적인 시장 활성 화 방안에 대해 분석했다. 막걸리 유통구조와 문제점은 현재까지 많은 문제점과 개선방안 이 실재하였음에도 불구하고, 개선책이 마련되지 않은 이유는 소 비자에 대한 부정확한 문제 인식이 주요원인이며, 막걸리 유통구 조 개선의 궁극적인 목적은 생산자에게는 막걸리 시장의 활성화로 인한 생산 시설의 개선이며, 소비자에게는 적정한 가격에 안전하 고 좋은 품질의 상품을 공급받는 것이다. 위에서 언급한 바와 같 이 물류시스템의 개선과 위생안전 관리를 위한 정부의 지원 등을 통한 변화가 필요하며, 이에 따르는 많은 막걸리 업체들이 유통의 주요 문제로 인식하여야 할 것이다.