This study is aimed to analyze economical meaning and problems on the industrial differentiation of Korean laver industry. Based on the surveyed data, the export value of korean laver has increased over 28 times for last 20 years($10 million to $300 million) and the separation of farming and processing was an important success factor of rapid growth of korean laver industry. However, the result of the survey shows that the farming profit is 534.1 won out of the total price for a bunch of dried laver, 3,566.3 won. So, farming profit counts for just 15 percent of total price. In contrast, the processing profit is 1,143.5 won and it is 32.1 percent of total price. This means that laver farmers are not being guaranteed their profit properly. This phenomenon is occurred due to lower status of first-hand processors(which produce dried laver) to second-hand processors(which produce seasoned laver) due to advanced payment given by second-hand processors. So, fist-hand processors should provide their product in the price which was designated by second-hand processors. Besides, despite of many business risks caused from climate change and environmental pollution, the market price of raw laver has steadily decreased. For sustainable prosperity of korean laver industry, imbalance on korean laver industry concerning profit sharing is need to be changed. In future, self-processing of dried laver in fishery household and enhancing the role of The Fisheries Cooperative Union in laver industry can be considered.

본 연구는 의미적 속성을 가진 시각과 청각자극 간의 SOA(stimulus onset asynchrony)가 시청각 통합 현상에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 시청각 통합 현상 중 표적을 의미하는 자극의 양상이 두 개 이상인 경우 표적에 반응이 빠르고 정확한 중복 표적 효과(redundant target effect)와 청각 자극에 비해 시각 자극에 대한 반응이 빠르고 정확한 시각 우세성 효과(visual dominance effect)를 중심으로 살펴보기 위해서 시각과 청각 단일 양상 표적 조건과 다중 양상 표적 조건을 구성하여 조건들의 반응시간과 정확률을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 시 청각자극의 SOA가 변하더라도 중복 표적 효과는 이에 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 두 자극 간의 SOA가 100ms 이상인 조건에서는 청각자극의 우세현상이 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 중복 표적 효과의 경우 두 양상자극 간의 SOA가 변하더라도 안정적으로 지속된다는 점을 시사하며, 청각자극의 경우 시각자극에 비해 약 100ms 이상의 시간적 이득조건이 마련되었을 때에 비로소 우세한 정보처리의 행동결과가 도출될 수 있음을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study was to examine elderly drivers' driving performances at the intersections, suggested by Bao and Boyle(2009), according to visual information processing skills Visual information processing skills of elderly drivers were measured

Urinary tract infection (UTI) accounts for 15.5% of hospitalizations by infectious disease in over age of 65, second only to pneumonia, and they are responsible for 6.2% of infectious disease related deaths. UTI and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) are very common in elderly. Distinguishing symptomatic urinary tract infection from asymptomatic bacteriuria is often difficult especially in old people living in long-term care facilities due to lack of specific symptoms. As the population is getting older, UTIs and ASB in elderly adults represent a significant health care burden. However, there is no exact data on morbidity of UTIs in elderly persons in Korea. This article reviews the prevalence of ASB and the incidence of symptomatic UTIs.

Urinary extravasation with dye visualized in the ureter was seen on an excretory urogram (IVP) and computerized tomographic (CT) scan in a patient with multiple injuries following blunt renal trauma. The preferred treatment of blunt kidney injury varies according to grade of severity, with a preference for non-operative management in most instances. We reviewed a case of nonoperatively treated patients who presented with blunt renal trauma with major lacerations and urinary extravasation on initial staging computerized tomography.

Recently, renal traumas caused by traffic and industrial accidents have risen sharply due to rapid industrialization and an increase in automobiles. The evaluation of patients with suspected renal trauma relies mainly on clinical assessment, urinalysis and imaging studies. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 76 patients who presented to our hospital with renal trauma between January 2008 and December 2014. According to the review, A total of 76 patients presented to our hospital with suspected renal trauma. There were 61 male and 15 female between 2 and 83 years old. By cause, traffic accident was the most common cause of injury, accounting for 39 cases. The remaining injuries were caused by falls in 26 cases, assault in 8 cases and sports-related trauma in 3 cases. Surgical exploration was required in 18 patients for renal or associated injuries. We are of the opinion that close and prompt cooperation with other associated medical departments is mandatory in order to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by multiple injury. Accurate renal injury staging was essential to successful management of traumatized patients.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum. Ocular involvement is rare and diagnosis of ocular syphilis is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms. The diverse manifestation of ocular syphilis occurs as well in secondary as in tertiary syphilis, for it can affect all structures of the eye; corneoscleral, uveal, retinal, and optic nerve inflammation may be observed. We report on a case of ocular syphilis affecting the vitreous body in a 43-year-old healthy male with a 6-month history of diminished visual acuity in the left eye.