The abnormal meat could caused by abscess, fibrosis and granuloma in the region of the neck by the adverse effect of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination practice for Korean swine. After FMD vaccination was implemented in 2010, the number of incidences of abnormal meat has been increasing. In this study, it was evaluated whether needless intradermal injection (NII) of FMD vaccine reduces abnormal meat at the injection site in comparison to conventional intramuscular injection (IM). In addition, the onset of humoral immunity was analyzed in order to see if NII of this vaccine is able to mount comparable antibody response with IM. This study was carried out in four Korean pig farms. The O-type FMD vaccine was implemented via NII at three farms and the control group was vaccinated via IM. Antibody titers were compared from the serum samples taken from 10 random pigs at age of 8, 12, 16 and 22~24 weeks of age. The O+A type FMD vaccine was also compared with the same protocol. When test animals were slaughtered, incidence, type and size of abnormal meat were recorded. The results of this study showed that the antibody titers between intradermal and intramuscular group were similar but a significant difference in the incidence of abnormal meat formation was observed between two groups (p < 0.05). In summary, needless intradermal injection of FMD vaccination was proven to be effective for the onset of humoral immunity and reducing abnormal meat formation.

We present results of a H13CN J=1-0 mapping survey of molecular clouds toward the Galactic Center (GC) region of -1.6° ≤ l ≤ 2° and -0.23° ≤ b ≤ 0.30° with 2' grid resolution. The H13CN emissions show similar distribution and velocity structures to those of the H12CN emissions, but are found to better trace the feature saturated with H12CN (1-0). The bright components among multi-components of H12CN line profiles usually appear in the H13CN line while most of the dynamically forbidden, weak H12CN components are seldom detected in the H13CN line. We also present results of other complementary observations in 12CO (J=1-0) and 13CO (J=1-0) lines to estimate physical quantities of the GC clouds, such as fractional abundance of HCN isotopes and mass of the GC cloud complexes. We confirm that the GC has very rich chemistry. The overall fractional abundance of H12CN and H13CN relative to H2 in the GC region is found to be significantly higher than those of any other regions, such as star forming region and dark cloud. Especially cloud complexes nearer to the GC tend to have various higher abundance of HCN. Total mass of the HCN molecular clouds within |l|≤ 6° is estimated to be ~2 ×10 7 M⊙ using the abundances of HCN isotopes, which is fairly consistent with previous other estimates. Masses of four main complexes in the GC range from a few 10 5 to ~ 10 7 M⊙ All the HCN spectra with multi-components for the four main cloud complexes were investigated to compare the line widths of the complexes. The largest mode (45 km s-1) of the FWHM distributions among the complexes is in the Clump 2. The value of the mode tends to be smaller at the farther complexes from the GC.

A molecular line survey towards the UC H II region G34.3+0.15 from 155.3 to 165.3GHz has been conducted with the TRAO 14-m radio telescope. Combined with our previous observations from 84.7 to 115.6GHz and 123.5 to 155.3GHz (Paper I), the spectral coverage of this survey in G34.3+0.15 now runs from 85 to 165 GHz. From these latest observations, a total of 18 lines from 6 species were detected. These include four new lines corresponding to ΔJ = 0, ΔK = 1 transitions of the CH3OH E-type species, and two new lines corresponding to transitions from SO2 and HC3N. These 6 new lines are CH3OH[1(1) - 1(0)E], CH3OH[2(1) - 2(0)E], CH3OH[3(1) - 3(0)E], CH3OH[4(1) - 4(0)E], SO2[14(1, 13) -14(0, 14)] and HC3N[18 -17]. We applied a rotation diagram analysis to derive rotation temperatures and column densities from the methanol transitions detected, and combined with NRAO 12-m data from Slysh et al. 1999. Applying a two-component fit, we find a cold component with temperature 13-16K and column density 3.3-3.4 ×10 14 cm-2, and a hot component with temperature 64 - 83K and column density 9.3×10 14 - 9.7 ×10 14 cm-2. On the other hand, applying just a one-component fit yields temperatures in the 47 -62 K range and column densities from 7.5-1.1 × 10 15 cm-2.