We collected and examined germplasm resources of lettuces, edible chrysanthemums and mallows for organic farmers. We found that 3 genotypes (OL-51, OL-52, and OL- 63) are suitable for organic cultivation. The main use of treatment for grey mold among eco-friendly pest control methods is helpful to increase efficiency of seedgathe끼ng after collecting and evaluating a total of 64 kinds of lettuces- collected 43 South Korea local varieties, 8 kinds cultivated by the Highland Agriculture Research Center, 4 kinds of cultivated lettuces, and 9 kinds for sales- to choose approp꺼ate kinds of lettuces for organic cultivation in South Korea. We chose those with more than 300 leaves (OC-18, OC-44, and OC-51) after evaluation of yield characteristics of a total of 62 edible chrysanthemums. We covered each genotype of seed of edible chrysanthemums when gathe끼ng the seeds by ourselves so as not to decrease the purity of each genotype. We chosed OM-38, OM-39, and OM-40 for their yield performance and germination rates among the total 41 genotypes of mallows. We selected 9 genotypes of lettuces, editable chrysanthemums and mallows with possibility of organic cultivation and found that they can be used permanently through self seed-gathering on organic farms.

An organic apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) orchard was established to study the interaction effects of ground cover management systems (GMS) and nutrient sources (NS) on soil and tree nutrient status and tree growth. Trees received one of four GMS: 1) green compost (GC), 2) wood chips (WC), 3) shredded paper (SP), and 4) mowand- blow (MB). Across all GMS, one of three NS was applied: A) a commercial organic ferlilizer (CF), B) poultry Iitter (PL) ， and C) control (NF). Overall, GMS had greater effects on the variables than did NS. GC mulch supplied greater nutrients, followed by WC, SP, and MB mulches. SP trees had lower foliar [N] in the first two years than the GC and WC trees. GC- and WC-treated trees had larger trunk cross sectional area than the SP and MB trees.