Background : The most problematic disease in Boxthorn is Anthracnose. New variety with Anthracnose-resistant is good for high yield and Safe fruit production in open field. Therefore it is necessary to develop a New variety with Anthracnose -resistant and high yield. Methods and Results : The new boxthorn line, CB10511-104 was selected from the cross between Cheongun (IT232599) and CB08456-113 to breed new variety with high yield and Anthracnose-resistant in 2011. Its preliminary yield test was performed from 2012 to 2013 and the selected line was named Cheongyang 25. Its regional yield trials were carried out in Cheongyang, Yesan and Jindo for 3 years, from 2014 to 2016. Cheongyang 25 was registered as the new variety, Cheonggeum, in 2016. The specific characteristics were summarized as follows; Tree shape is open type and the leaf is round-lanceolate. The flowers are normal size and purple. The fruit is large size, round oval and yellowish red. The flowering was June 19 with medium flowering. Number of sprout branch by pruning was generated more than the check variety, Cheongmeong. The infection rates on leaves to Eriophys macrodonis Keifer was as strong as 39.6 percent. Anthracnose on fruits in open field was slightly similare compared to the check variety, but check variety was Anthracnose-resistant. The content of betaine and free sugar in dried-fruits were higher than that of the check variety. The dried-fruit yield was decreased about 17 percent in open field. Conclusion : This variety ‘Cheonggeum’ was suitable for cultivation in open field because of Anthracnose-resistant. It is necessary the companion variety, Cheonghong, because of self-incompatible.

Background : Tetraploid plants are bigger in the size of fruits, leaves, stems, and roots than diploid plants due to bigger cells attributed to chromosome multiplication. The advantage of tetraploid plants includes breakdown of self-incompatibility and increase of disease resistance. This study was carried out to gain tetraploid resources for breeding of new boxthorn varieties having pest resistance, higher yield, and self-compatibility. Methods and Results : 10 Tetraploid lines by colchicine treatment were compared with diploid boxthorn varieties on growth and yield characteristics. Tetraploid lines induced from each varieties were C0148-10 and C0412-1 from Cheongyang-jaerae (CJ), M0148-94 and M0148-120 from Myongan (MA), B0148-43 and B0148-78 from Bulro (BL), D0148-62 and D0148-72 from Cheongdae (CD), and Y0148-2 and Y0148-24 from Youngha (YH). The ratio of stem diameter to stem length in tetraploid lines increased to 0.86 - 1.16 compared to 0.79 - 0.87 of the mother plants whereas number of branches decreased. The ratio of leaf length to width ranged from 2.0 to 3.3, lower than the mother plants. Leaf weight and chlorophyll content also increased compared to the mother plants. C0148-10, C0412-1, Y0148-2, and Y0148-24 showed 34～346% increase in dry fruit yield per 10a compared to mother plants. Conclusion : Above selected tetraploid lines had larger and heavier leaves and C0148-10, C0412-1, Y0148-2, and Y0148-24 were higher in fruit yield than mother plants that the selected tetraploid lines were expected as useful resources for new leaf vegetable and higher yield boxthorn varieties.

Background : Recently new breeding goal setting is required to develop new boxthorn variety with superior treats of bigger fruits, higher yield in fruits and sprout, pest tolerance, higher medicinal functionality, and self-compatiblity. Various genetic resources also should be retained for this goal. This study was carried out to obtain boxthorn tetraploid for breeding resource. Methods and Results : Colchicine concentration and treatment time for polyploid induction were 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6% and 12, 24, 36, 48hours respectively. Polyploid was identified by chromosome numbering of individuals by aceto-carmine stain which were examined for polyploid by flow cytomertry(Partec, PA-1) in advance. Conclusion : When cuttings of Cheongyang-jaerae were treated by colchicine to induce tetraploid, survival rate decreased as colchicine concentration and treatment time increased. Rate of individuals having over 30 chloroplast number of stomata guard cell was highest as 37.5% in colchine 0.1% and 48 hours treatment. 8 of them were identified as polyploid by flow cytometry and tetraploid induction efficiency was highest as 6.0% in colchine 0.1% and 48 hours treatment. According to chromosome number examination, 3 of 8 individuals were aneuploid and 5 were tetraploid.

The effects of plant hormones (NAA, GA3 and BA) and light qualities (white, red, green and blue light) on the changes of reducing sugar contents and invertase isozyme activities in leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) and mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) seedlings were investigated. NAA accelerated the increase of reducing sugar contents and invertase isozyme activities, on the contrary, GA3 had little effect in the accumulation of reducing sugar and in the increase of enzyme activities from the leaves of maize and mung bean seedlings. On the other hand, BA accelerated an increase in the activities of the invertase isozyme from the leaves of mung bean seedlings whereas it had little effect in the increase of the enzyme activities from those of maize seedlings. The accumulation of reducing sugar in leaves of both seedlings was promoted by red light irradiation compared to white light irradiation, while the activities of the enzyme were little affected by various light qualities. In the simultaneous applications of plant hormone and light quality, NAA with white light was very effective in the increase of reducing sugar contents and the enzyme activities from the leaves of mung bean seedlings, whereas NAA application with blue light showed a prominent enhancement in the reducing sugar contents and the enzyme activities from those of maize seedlings. These results suggest that plant hormone, particularly NAA, may be a more important factor than various light qualities in the stimulation of invertase activity.

Light qualities and three kinds of plant hormones, NAA, GA_3 and BA were treated on maize seedlings to investigate the effect on formation of the chlorophyll-protein complexes. Each three kinds of plant hormones accelerated the chlorophyll proteins formation, particularly LHCP-1 and LHCP-3, but two kinds of hormonal combinations didn`t promote these proteins accumulation under sun light condition. The formation of chlorophyll proteins of LHCP-1, CPA and LHCP-3 associated with PSⅡ was promoted under red light compared to sun light, on the contrary the formation of chlorophyll proteins was not affected by white light. Plant hormones under red light induced chlorophyll proteins formation associated with PSⅡ at early state of chloroplast development and two kinds of hormonal combinations under red light were very effective in accumulation of chlorophyll proteins of PSⅡ in contrast to sun light. The results obtained suggest that light may play an important role compared to plant hormones in the formation of chlorophyll proteins.