Feral cats are widely considered to be leading the potential impacts on public health. This study aimed to provide estimates of vital data for feral cats relating Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) to establish strategies effectively to manage feral cats in Pyeongtaek. Thus, this study focused on estimating feral cat population in Pyeongtaek and conducted a comparative analysis of the data for feral cats in Seoul (2013). The number of feral cats was estimated from 23,069 to 26,655 in Pyeongtaek, 2019. In relation to human population, when comparing the number of feral cats of Pyeongtaek and Seoul, it ranged from 4.57% to 5.28%, and from 1.97% to 2.55% respectively. This showed that Pyeongtaek was higher than Seoul. Fewer kittens were found in high-density areas, which the TNR project is believed to be generally effective in controlling the number of feral cats. In conclusion, in urban and rural complexes such as Pyeongtaek City, the number of feral cats compared to the population was higher than that of Seoul City, and the TNR program is believed to be somewhat effective in controlling the number of feral cats. When implementing TNR, it is necessary periodically to investigate the population and reflect them in policymaking.

Materials are limited for pest control and chemical pesticides are prohibited in organic farming. Thus, the concept of pest control may not be effective for pest management in organic farm. As an alternative approach, landscape management is potentially effective and useful approach for preventing pathogen and insect pests in organic farm. It is needed to develop best practices utilizing functional biodiversity for pest management through landscape management. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of companion plants on species richness of insect pests and natural enemies in the field border area and in the crop plants (rice and soybean). In rice paddy fields, Lysimachiae foenum-graecum, Saururus chinensis were selected as effective companion plants on the paddy field levee for conserving Arachnidae as natural enemy and density suppression of insect pest such as Lissorphoptrus oryzophilus, Riptortus clavatus. As a result, damage rate of rice plant by insect pests was significantly lower (2.5%) and yield rate of healthy grains was significantly higher (8.7%) than control. In soybean fields, Marigold plants such as Tagetes patula, T. officinalis, increased Arthropod species richness and ratio of natural enemy group, and decreased ratio of insect pest group. As a result, yield (weight of 100 seeds) of healthy soybean was significantly increased (2.5%) than control. The 2nd infection rate from damage by R. clavatus was significantly lower in the treated plot than that in control. Thus, yield rates of healthy soybean in the control and the companion plant-treated plot were 79.0% and 84.3%, respectively, compared to conventional farming using chemical pesticides. Therefore, use of companion plants on field border was an effective practices for preventing pest insects and increasing yield in organic farming.

In organic agriculture, various cover-crops have been used to control weeds. In this study, we have investigated the effect of Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schred. (Eolchigiwandu) which is native to on major insect pests of pepper. Redpepper seedlings at 8 leaves stage were transplanted in 20th May 2009 into experimental field located in the farm of the department of agricultural biology, Suwon, Korea. A cover-crop cultivation plot was compared with a control plot mulched by black plastic-film. Density of aphids and damaged fruits by oriental tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa assulta, were surveyed ten times from 21 days after transplanting (DAT) to 82 DAT. Fifty and forty pepper plants were sampled to count the density of aphids and damaged fruits by oriental tobacco budworm per a plant, respectively. In current study, three aphid species namely, cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae were collected. Overally, the density of aphids on pepper in the control plot was higher than the cover-crop plot. Especially, aphid density increased up to 67.44±26.8 in early stage of control plot, whereas aphid was not found in cover-crop plot. The rate of fruit damage by oriental tobacco budworm was significantly higher in the cover-crop plot than the control plot in early stage of pepper, however damaged fruit rate of pepper in the control plot was significantly higher since the middle of July.

The devastating insect pests of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were surveyed in environmentally friendly (no-pesticide and organic) greenhouses located in the provinces of Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, Gangwon, Chungcheong and Jeju. Whitefly, leaf miner, aphid and moth were recorded as the major pests in these surveys. Among them, whitefly was the most serious pest of greenhouse cultivated tomato and major species was Trialeurodes vaporariorum. The population densities of T. vaporariorum was 0~36 nymph per leaf. Population of moths Spodoptera litura were the highest in summer season. Population of the whitefly was considered to be influenced by the previous cultural methods. Farmers in organic cultivation, used insect natural enemy, commercial EFAM (Environment Friendly Agricultural Material), yellow sticky trap or home made pesticides. Commercial microbial pesticides were applied to evaluate their insecticidal activities against whitefly. The results revealed that microbial pesticides exhibited 65.3 to 100% whitefly nymph mortality. Further, pesticidal activities of Cooking Oil and Yolk (COY), plant extracts and neem oil were evaluated against other tomato pests as well.

Developmental periods of sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci(Gennaius) Q-biotype, were investigated on three host plants- sweet bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), eggplant(Solanum melongena L.) and oriental melon(Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa MAKINO). Egg and nymph development of B. tabaci were studied within temperature ranging of 15℃-35℃ by 2.5℃ under photoperiod 16:8(L:D). Egg period of B. tabaci was the shortest at 32.5℃ and nymphal period was shortest at 27.5℃ on sweet bell pepper. Nymphal period of B. tabaci on eggplant was the shortest at 27.5℃ as well. On the other hand, nymphal period of B. tabaci was shortest at 30℃ and 32.5℃. Lower temperature threshold and effective degree-day for completing egg development on sweet bell pepper were estimated as 13.11, 91.95, respectively. Lower threshold temperature of nymphal stage on sweet bell pepper, eggplant, oriental melon were estimated as 13.01, 13.39, 12.31,respectively. Degree-days required to complete nymphal stage on sweet bell pepper, eggplant, oriental melon were estimated as 191.22, 164.41, 190.34, respectively. The relationships between development rates of egg and nymph were well described by poikilothermal rate function and weibull function. The fitted curves will be used as input for a simulation model of the population dynamics of B. tabaci.