The prevalence of cancer in companion dogs is growing nowadays with the increasing worldwide population of domestic dogs. Since there is a less established standard of care in veterinary medicine, investigational treatments, such as the development of biomarkers can be considered as a therapeutic intervention for early diagnosis. Despite the enormous efforts that have been invested in the search of biomarkers, still, there is a need for easy detection of significant biological markers for predicting canine cancers at an early stage. In this study, we have analyzed the expression pattern of previously reported 46 canine cancer-associated candidate genes in blood specimens using real-time qPCR. We hypothesized that analysis of gene expression in blood would provide preliminary evidence of local or systemic immunogenic response which further contribute to the easy and early diagnosis of canine cancer from blood specimen as an analytical tool. The datasets included a total of 22 blood samples collected from different breeds of dogs diagnosed with cancer and five from healthy normal dogs. RT-qPCR analysis was performed by employing the SYBR Green PCR mix to assess the expression of these 46 genes in a total of 27 samples. From our result, a total of nine genes (ROS1, C1QA, CD48, IL1b, TLR2, IL2R, CHI3L1, CTSS, and TLR7) were found to be significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) in the cancer samples compared to non-cancer samples. The relative expression level of ROS1, C1QA, CD48, IL1b, TLR2, IL2R, CHI3L1, CTSS, and TLR7 genes was 5.74, 4.78, 3.94, 2.94, 2.57, 2.53, 2.50, 2.04, and 2.57, respectively, in cancer samples compared to non-cancer samples. Thus, our results reveal several highly expressed cancer genes that can be therapeutic target genes for further testing in canine cancers.

n-Butanol is used to assess how odor intensity correction affects judges’ evaluation of the odor intensity based on the concentration. The odor intensity correction effect is verified by using three types of test solutions which are used for the selection of judges based on their concentration levels. The correction effect is statistically analyzed according to gender, odorant type, and concentration on the group and individual level. The result shows that n- Butanol correction affects the odor intensity evaluation for three odorants in different ways. In most cases, n- Butanol correction increases the panelists' sensitivity to the odor intensity change, and results to be close to the theoretical value. The female panelists can more accurately evaluate the sourness intensity of acetic acid after n- Butanol correction. All panelists regardless of gender can more accurately evaluate the fishiness intensity of trimethylamine after n-Butanol correction. For evaluating the caramel smell intensity of methylcyclopentenolone, a full panel without n-Butanol correction is recommended. Therefore, n-Butanol correction should be included in the process of judge selection and the odor intensity assessment.

There increasing demand for technologies that are capable of producing heat and electric energy by burning fuels such as solid refuse fuel (SRF) and biomass to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and global warming in the field of thermal power generation. In particular, conversion of SRF into energy (Waste to Energy) is the promising technology with high economic and social benefits. The high temperature corrosion of the heat exchange tube is the most important factor that affects the economic deterioration of a circulating fluidized bed boiler using solid refuse fuel, due to operating time decrease and the periodic shutdown during plant operation. The purpose of this study was to examine the high temperature corrosion characteristics of boiler superheater tubes. The change of corrosion characteristics according to the temperature and alkali chloride salt can be investigated by analyzing the morphology of the surface and the microstructure of specimen cross-section and examining the changes in the physical and chemical properties. The degree of corrosion increased as the temperature increased and the weight of the alkali chloride specimen deposit decreased due to the volatilization of the metal chloride compound above 700°C. Deposits of KCl were found to accelerate corrosion by destroying the oxide layer and forming potassium compounds.

본 연구의 목적은 식공간 내 식물활용이 마케팅 효과에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이었으며 설문지를 활용해 식공간 이용자의 특성을 분석 하였다. 성별에 따른 그룹에서 독립표본 t검정을, 연령과 소득에 따른 그룹은 일원배치 분산분석을 실행하였고 식물 관심도와 식물장식 선 호도에 대해 성별, 연령, 소득에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 여성이 남성보다 식물 관심도가 높았고 50대 이상의 사람들이 식물 관심도가 높았다. 소득에 따라서는 그룹 내에서 월수입이 가장 높은 400만원 이상의 사람들이 식물 관심도가 높았다. 식물소재는 남 성은 잎 위주의, 여성은 꽃 위주의 소재를 선호하는 것으로 나타났고 30대-50대 이상의 그룹에서 연령이 높을수록 잎 위주의 소재를, 낮을 수록 꽃 위주의 소재를 선호하는 경향이 나타났다. 생화와 조화의 선호도를 분석한 결과, 생화를 선호하는 비율(73.6%)이 가장 높았고 연 령이 높을수록 그 경향이 더욱 분명하게 나타났다. 생화를 선호하는 이유로 가장 높은 평균 점수를 보인 것은 ‘생명을 느낄 수 있다’ 였으며 ‘자연의 향을 맡을 수 있다’에 대한 남녀의 응답에서 통계적인 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 생화를 선호하지 않는 이유에서 가장 높은 평균 점 수가 나타난 것은 ‘쉽게 시든다’였으며 통계적인 유의한 차이를 보인 것은 ‘비용이 많이 들 것 같다’에 대한 소득별 그룹의 응답이었다. 생 화에 대한 사람들의 긍정적인 반응과 삶의 질에 대한 관심은 차별화된 마케팅을 목적으로 할 때 공간장식의 요소로써 매력적인 소재가 될 수 있을 것이라고 판단되었다.

Reynoutria japonica and R. sachalinensis have been used as medicinal resources in Korea. However, it is difficult to identify and determine these medicinal herbs correctly because they are usually customized and purchased as the fragmented rhizomes types. To develop molecular markers for distinguishing two species, we analyzed and compared the chloroplast DNA sequences of seven loci (atpB, matK, ccD-psaI, atpF-H, trnL-trnF, psbK-I and rpl32-trnL). Among them, we found two effective SNPs in psbK-I region for R. japonica and atpF-H region for R. sachalinensis. Based on these SNP sites, we designed the new R. japonica- specific primer which is able to amplify 300 bp fragment in psbK-I region. A similar strategy was applied for the atpF-H region of R. sachalinensis. These molecular markers would be successfully applied to recognize R. japonica and R. sachalinensis.