In crustaceans, molting is regulated by interactions between ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone (JH) signaling pathway-related genes. Unlike the ecdysteroid signaling pathway, little information on the role of JH signaling pathway-related genes in molting is available in zooplanktonic crustaceans. In this study, three genes (juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT ), methoprene-tolerant (Met ), and juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH )) which are involved in the synthesis, receptor-binding, and degradation of JH were identified using sequence and phylogenetic analysis in the brackish water flea, Diaphanosoma celebensis. Transcriptional changes in these genes during the molting cycle in D. celebensis were analyzed. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these putative proteins may be functionally conserved along with those of insects and other crustaceans. In addition, the expression of the three genes was correlated with the molting cycle of D. celebensis, indicating that these genes may be involved in the synthesis and degradation of JH, resulting in normal molting. This study will provide information for a better understanding of the role of JH signaling pathwayrelated genes during the molting process in Cladocera.

Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor (dmrt) play crucial roles in sex determination and sex differentiation in vertebrates and invertebrates. Although dmrt genes have been identified in vertebrates, little is known about aquatic invertebrates. In this study, two dmrt genes, namely, Dc_dmrt93B and Dc_dmrt99B, were identified from brackish water flea, Diaphanosoma celebensis. Transcriptional changes were observed in the dmrt genes when the flea was exposed to bisphenol (BP), an endocrine disruptor. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that both dmrt genes contained two conserved domains, namely, DM and DMA, closely clustered with those of Daphnia spp. Additionally, a significant increase in the Dc_dmrt99B mRNA expression level was observed upon exposure to intermediate concentrations of BP (bisphenol A>bisphenol S=bisphenol F, p<0.05), while the expression of Dc_dmrt93B mRNA was slightly modulated. These findings imply that the two dmrt genes may be involved in sex differentiation of D. celebensis. Furthermore, it was found that the ability of BP to modulate dmrt genes could affect development and reproduction. This study provides a basis for understanding the function of the dmrt genes and the molecular mode of action of BP in small crustaceans.

17β-estradiol (E2)는 난소로부터 방출되는 호르몬으로 가정 및 축산 오폐수에 포함되어 환경으 로 지속적으로 유출된다. E2는 높은 에스트로겐 활성을 가지고 있어 갑각류의 발달과 생식에 영향을 미치는 내분비계교란물질로 알려져 있다. 갑각류의 발달은 탈피호르몬(ecdysteroid)의 신호 전달 과정에 의해 이루어지지만 E2가 소형 갑각류의 탈피호르몬 경로 유전자를 어떻게 조 절하는지에 대한 연구는 매우 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 기수산 물벼룩 Diaphanosoma celebensis 에서 E2에 대한 급성 독성 시험을 통해 24-h LCx 값을 도출하였고, E2 노출에 따른 탈피호르몬 경로에 관여하는 7개의 유전자(CYP314a1, EcRA, EcRB, USP, ERR, Vtg, VtgR)의 시간별 발현 변 화를 quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)을 이용하여 분석하였다. D. celebensis의 24-h LC50 값은 9.581 mg/l (95% C.I.: 7.697~11.927 mg/l), 24 h-LC10 값은 4.842 mg/l (95% C.I.: 3.683~6.366 mg/l)로 나타났다. CYP314a1, EcRA, USP, VtgR 유전자의 발현이 12시간 또는 24시간에 유의하게 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 E2가 D. celebensis의 탈피호 르몬 경로에 관련하는 유전자의 발현을 조절함으로써 탈피와 생식에 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것 임을 시사한다. 본 연구는 소형 갑각류에서 내분비계교란물질이 탈피 경로에 미치는 영향에 대한 분자 기전을 이해하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

다환방향족탄화수소류(PAHs)는 해양 환경에 오랜 기간 잔류하며 해양 생태계에 유해한 보편적 인 환경 오염 물질이다. PAH류는 대부분 해양 환경에서 금속을 비롯한 다양한 오염 물질과 복 합적으로 존재하지만 혼합 오염 물질이 개체에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 본 연구 는 HgCl2와 Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)이 해양 생물에 미치는 영향을 개체 수준에서 평가하기 위하 여 기수산 물벼룩(Diaphanosoma celebensis)을 이용하여 단일 및 혼합 급성 독성 시험을 진행 하였다. 혼합 독성 평가에 사용한 혼합물의 농도는 단일 독성 시험을 통하여 얻은 각각의 LC50 을 기준으로 3:7 (Mixture A), 5:5 (Mixture B), 7:3 (Mixture C)의 비율로 혼합하여 결정하였다. 실 험 결과 B[a]P와 HgCl2의 48 h - LC50은 각각 25.75 μg l-1와 3.6 μg l-1로 나타났다. 혼합 독성 평 가 결과 Mixture A, B, C에서 TU는 각각 1.06, 0.83, 0.96로 나타났다. 이는 Mixture A, B, C가 CA 모델에 따라 작용함을 보여주며, HgCl2와 B[a]P의 상호작용을 연구하기 위해 CA 모델을 사용 하는 것이 적합할 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구는 금속과 PAH류의 혼합 독성 평가를 위한 기초 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

역삼투막 운영에 있어서 유기물 오염에 대한 문제들을 해결하기 위해 많은 연구를 하고 있다. 현재 가성소다 (NaOH)를 사용하여 유기물 오염 제거를 하고 있다. 본 연구는 지속적인 막오염 증가 문제를 해결하기 위한 물리/화학적 세정 기법으로서 기존에 사용하던 가성소다와 Micro-bubble를 이용하여 유기물 오염 제거 실험을 수행되었다. 멤브레인 강제 오염 을 위해 Humic acid sodium, Bovine serum albumin, Sodium alginate 약품을 사용하여 유기물 오염을 시켰다. 유기물 오염에 따른 Flux를 관찰하였고, 가성소다와 Micro-bubble를 이용한 유기물 오염 제거 실험은 가성소다로만 사용했을 때보다 향상 된 것을 관찰했다.

In recent days, according as ergonomics and aesthetic engineering are important factors in the product market, there is a demand to develop automobile seat and interior designs which are focused on sensitive elements such as aesthetic and comfort features in order to satisfy the sensitive needs of consumers. To meet such demands, car seats are turning into functional and sensitive products that reflect elements of function and entertainment. According to such trends, this research is aimed to develop the illuminating car seat fabric that serve such functions as recognizing and reacting to car environments, which includes sensing over-speed, open doors, and unfastened safety belts through the illuminating car seat fabrics by optical fiber. For this purpose, basic physical properties of optical fiber are analyzed, appropriate weaving and etching technologies are applied, and the woven fabric of optical fiber for car seats are illuminating depend upon car environments. Moreover, the applicable woven fabric of optical fiber is deduced after evaluating the physical properties (such as tensile strength, heatproof, anti-fouling, washable and combustible traits) for the appropriateness of applying the woven fabric of optical fiber to car seats. For this purpose, the woven fabric of optical fiber is covered according to car seat processes; the optical fiber applied to seats is composed that it may be connected to one end of the connector linked to a LED so that it may perform functions like sensing over-speed, open doors, and unfastened safety belts; the sensed signals are transmitted to the control part, and luminescent signals are transmitted to LED.

Purpose: As nonprofit organizations have made strides in international development, ensuring financial resources has become pivotal to determine what nonprofits strive for and how they perform with the budget generated without efforts for profit-making. The purpose of this research aims to investigate the determinants of donation intention that are affected by television fundraising campaigns in order to improve financial sustainability. This study applied the effects of emotional sympathy, economic value, accountability, relevance, and sustainability on donation intention. Research design, data, and methodology: This study collected data via an online survey by classifying respondents based on donation experiences and applied statistical analyses such as factor analysis, regression, and ANOVA. This study selected television fundraising campaigns aligned with criteria of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results: The results of this study showed that emotional sympathy was a dominant variable regardless of previous donation experiences, while economic value was significant for inexperienced donors. Conclusions: The results provide implications to nonprofit organizations for fundraising as to what aspects need to be addressed in order to draw donors’ motivation for giving behavior. Given efforts for successful implementation of development agenda, it is fundamental to establish financial sustainability of nonprofit organizations and build up public awareness.