Purpose - The total amount of advanced Corporate Pension Insurance products exceed 148 trillion Korean Won at the end of 2016. For a firm with over 300 employees, when a bill on compulsion of introduction of Corporate Pension Insurance products, currently pending in court, is passed, Corporate Pension shall be an essential. The findings of the paper will provide a guideline for understanding on firm's attributes and its effects towards introduction of Corporate Pension Insurance products. Research design, data, and methodology – The data were collected using statistics of employer panel survey from Korea Labour Institute in 2013. The study analyses a sample survey on 1,775 outstanding enterprises and their HR department among whole corporations in Korea. For analysis of data, empirical testing by Logistic Regression was utilized. Results – As an outcome of empirical testing, variables on share of regular employees and the aged employees in over 50's generates a significant statistical meaning. It eventually gives a great impact on purchase of Corporate Pension scheme. Moreover, variables on corporate financial statement, current sales, current net income, total amount of the debts, labor cost per person also has a vital influence on introduction of Corporate Pension Insurance products. Lastly, variables on firm's labor relationship have no effect except for the execution or non-execution of HR consulting. Meanwhile, Variables affecting a choice on pension schemes types among firm's attributes are a share of regular employees, current net income, execution or non-execution of HR consulting etc. These variables represents a statistical implication. According to their each features, they prefer DB or DC plan. Conclusions – Introduction of corporate pension scheme is apposite to contemporary Korea's situation entering a hyper-aging society and firms with a high share of regular employees, the weight of aging, current sales, current net income and labor cost per person are exceedingly active in purchasing Corporate Pension Insurance products. However, after the introduction of corporate pension scheme, firms which has an implementation of consultation on human resource management, flexible benefits plan, job security and welfare system prefer DC plan whereas from financial perspective firms with high net income prefer DB plan.

Background : Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. et Maxim) Seem, belonging to the Araliaceae family, is widely distributed in Korea, China, and Japan. The plants belonging to Acanthopanax species are traditionally used in Korea as anti-rheumatoid arthritis, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic drugs and are recognized to have ginseng-like activities. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for independent analysis of major compounds and chlorogenic acid in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Chlorogenic acid was reported that prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease in vivo. Also, it has antioxidant effect in vitro test. In the previous experiment, chlorogenic acid were found in A. sessiliflorus fruits. This study was performed to identification of the major compounds and investigate the method validation for the determination of chlorogenic acid in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Methods and Results : Three major compounds were recorded on a Varian Unity Inova AS-400 FT-NMR spectrometer and analyzed by the new HPLC analysis method. HPLC analysis was carried out using an Waters e2695 and PDA detector. The new analyasis method was validated by the measurement of intra-day, inter-day precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD, S/N=3), and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N=10) of chlorogenic acid. The results showed that the correlation coefficient (R2) for the calibration curves of chlorogenic acid was 0.997 in terms of linearity. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.565 ㎍/ml and 2.88 ㎍/ml, respectively. There was no interfering peak observed each other and HPLC system was suitable for analysis showing goodness of peak and high precision. Conclusion : This method is suitable to detect and quantify major compounds in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Furthermore, the result will be applied to establish chlorogenic acid as an standard compound for A. sessiliflorus fruits.

Background : Cynanchum wilfordii and Cynanchum auriculatum belong to the Asclepiadaceae family and appear morphologically similar. In order to discriminate them, it is needed to find the presence of sap and the leaf shapes: C. auriculatum has a blade ovate leaf comparing to C. wilfordii. However, in the herbal medicine market, they have been handled as cut and dried roots. Due to their similar morphology, it is limited to distinguish the roots of C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum. Recently in Korea, it has been a critical issue to misuse these two roots in the herbal market and food industry. Thus, it is required to establish a robust tool for the discrimination and quality control of them. Methods and Results : To separation and characterization of flavor compounds, C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum samples were analyzed by head space solid phase micro extraction (HSS) fiber coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using Rtx-5MS (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm) column. As a result, We have identified compounds of a few hundred in aliphatic aldehydes and aliphatic alcohols, alkenes and acids, aromatic compounds, aromatic compounds containing nitrogen & sulfur, etc,. In particular, The aliphatic and aromatic compounds had been clearly separated on the second dimensional direction by using two-dimensional GC. Conclusion : The volatile flavor compounds of C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum could easily analyzed without pre-treatment with improved resolution and sensitivity using HSS-GCxGC-TOFMS. We have identified compounds of a few hundred in C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum sample. And It was more accurately qualitative confirmed with separation of GCxGC and TSD. We have confirmed the PCA and PLS-DA Plot that was classified depending on C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum through multivariate statistical analysis of the identified flavor compounds.

The vascular system of plants consists of two conducting tissues, xylem and phloem, which differentiate from procambium cells. Xylem serves as a transporting system for water and signaling molecules and is formed by sequential developmental processes, including cell division/expansion, secondary cell wall deposition, vacuole collapse, and programmed cell death (PCD). PCD during xylem differentiation is accomplished by degradation of cytoplasmic constituents, and it is required for the formation of hollow vessels, known as tracheary elements (TEs). Our recent study revealed that the small GTPase RabG3b acts as a regulator of TE differentiation through its autophagic activation. By using an Arabidopsis in vitro cell culture system, we showed that autophagy is activated during TE differentiation. Overexpression of a constitutively active RabG3b (RabG3bCA) significantly enhances both autophagy and TE differentiation, which are consistently suppressed in transgenic plants overexpressing a dominant negative form (RabG3bDN) or RabG3bRNAi (RabG3bRNAi), a brassinosteroidinsensitive mutant bri1-301, and an autophagy mutant atg5-1. Wood (called secondary xylem) is the most abundant biomass produced by land plants including Populus and Eucalyptus, and therefore is considered to be one of the most cost-effective and renewable bioenergy resources. In an attempt to enhance xylem differentiation and thus to improve biomass traits in poplars, we generated transgenic poplars overexpressing the RabG3bCA form. As notable phenotypes, both stem height and diameter were increased and xylem area in vascular bundles was significantly expanded in RabG3bCA transgenic poplars compared to control plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that RabG3b regulates xylem differentiation in both Arabidopsis and Populus. This study enhances our understanding of biological mechanisms underlying wood formation and serve as a framework to engineer the quality and quantity of wood as useful biomass.

Soil salinity limits crop productivity in many regions. This problem would be more serious as the global climate changes and worldwide water shortages would accelerate soil salinization. This study is fulfilled with aim on resolve crop cultivation in dry/saline land as an international joint research project with Tunisia. Total 48 lines of wheat cultivars including 32 common wheat (16 Korean wheat, 16 Tunisian common wheat) and 16 Tunisian durum wheat were incorporated in this study. Salt stress was applied for 2 weeks by submerging the pots into 500 mM NaCl at 3-leaf stage followed by re-watering for restoration in greenhouse. Numerous agronomic/growth parameters were scored for tolerence. SSR primers that have been known to be related to salt tolerance were applied to explain selected population. The correlation between PCR-based length polymorphism of selected lines and their resistance were evaluated. The obtained information will aid selection for salt tolerance hexa/tetraploid wheats. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2012K1A3A1A09028123) and carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Development of high yielding wheat with stress tolerance via molecular breeding strategies, Project No. PJ008031)”, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Brachypodium has been focused as new model plant for grass species. Like small size, small room requirement, and fast growth, Brachypodium shows numerous advantages as a model plant. Brachypodium is a typical grass at the genome level, which also exhibits an overall similarity of gene content and gene families when compared with rice (Oryza sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genomes. Brachypodium is an excellent material for structural and functional genomic studies in grass species. Targeting-Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) is a high-throughput technique and an approach for reverse genetics study. Moreover, it has been wildly utilized to find induced mutation. Bradi3g45515 is orthologue of the cellulose synthase-like HvCslF8 in barley. For TILLING library construction, 384 M2 Brachypodium mutants induced by chronic-gamma irradiation were used. Single nucleotide polymorphysm (SNP) and small deletion in Bradi3g45515 were searched through TILLING analysis. Template DNA for PCR reaction were prepared according to two dimensional pooling (eightfold) strategy. Heteroduplex DNA was digested by SURVEYOR nuclease (TRANSGENOMIC) and the DNA fragment was detected using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Positive signal appeared at polyacrylamide gel from more than 4 lines and their Bradi3g45515 region were sequenced. SNP(s) were identified in 509-2 and 677-3 mutant line. Cellulose content and/or cell wall materials content will be measured using these mutants.

As an experimental reference population, crosses between Korean native pig and Landrace were established and information on seven meat quality traits was recorded. Animals were genotyped for 24 microsatellite markers covering hromosomes 2, 6, and 7 for pa