Diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes were surveyed in Korea from 2010 to 2014. Soil samples were examined for the presence of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes by baiting method with Galleria mellonella larvae. Out of the 189 soil samples, 47(24.9%) were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes, with the share of 7(3.7%) for Heterorhabditis and 40(21.2%) for Steinernema isolates. Morphological and molecular studies were also utilized to characterize isolates. The Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as H. megidis and Steinernema isolates as S. carpocapsae, S. monticolum and S. kraussei, respectively. H. megidis was the most common species of Heterorhabditis, which was isolated from 7 sites across the five different provinces and Steinernema monticolum was the most common species of Steinernema, which was isolated from 34 sites, respectively. S. carpocapsae was isolated from only two sites, Namwon, Jeongnam province and Iksan, Jeonbuk province, respectively. S. kraussei was the first recorded entomopathogenic nematode in Korea. Those entomopathogenic nematodes were recorded from coniferous and deciduous forests.

Various insect pest damage agricultural crops and forest. Several control strategies have been tried against these pests. Using chemical pesticides is one of the major control strategies. However, in recent years, eco-friendly control measures have received a big attention. Entomogenous nematodes are best known as potential biocontrol agent which are promising alternatives of chemical pesticides. During the survey of insect-parasitic nematodes as well as their parasitism in Korea, three new species, Parasitylenchus cyrtogenii n. sp., Parasitylenchus oscavus n. sp., Bathymermis sancheongensis n. sp. and seven other new records for the Korean nematode and nematomorpha fauna were identified, which are: Howardula phyllotretae, Parasitaphelenchus uncinatus, Hexamermis albicans, Hexamermis sp., Heterorhabditidoides chongmingensis, Pristionchus pacificus, and Spinochordodea tellini, respectively. Parasitism of nematodes ranged from 0.7 to 87.5%. The highest parasitism was recorded in P. cyrtogenii n. sp isolated from Cyrtogenius brevior as 87.5%, however the lowest parasitism found in Hexamermis sp. isolated from Oxya chinensis as 0.7%.

Parasitism of horsehair worm in mantids were investigated for two years, from 2012 and 2013. The mantids were collected from forty-nine sites from August to November. Twenty-one sites (42.9%) of the collected mantids were parasitized by horsehair worms. C. japonensis was recorded from T. angustipennis, T. aridifolia and C. fukuii. The C. japonensis parasitism of T. angustipennis and T. aridifolia were 27.0% and 10.7%, respectively. The infested number of C. japonensis was 1-9 per host. The body length of C. japonensis showed tendency to decrease with number of parasites, but not significantly different. Horsehair worms did not affect body, abdomen length and digestive system of host. However, egg possession of host was different, unparasitized T. angustipennis and T. aridifolia had more eggs (63.7%) than parasitized ones (2.6%). C. japonensis was parasitized as immature stage in late Aug. immature and adult stage in early Sept. and only adult in late Oct. Parasitism was the highest in late Sept.

Horsehair worm parasitism of mantids was investigated for two years, 2012 and 2013. The mantids were collected from forty-nine sites from August to November. Mantids collected from twenty-one sites (42.9%) including Amur silver grass plantation at Samjang-myeon in Sancheong, Gyeongnam province were parasitized by horsehair worms. C. japonensis was recorded from T. angustipennis and T. aridifolia and C. fukuii, a newly recorded species in Korea, was isolated from T. aridifolia. C. japonensis was found from T. angustipennis and T. aridifolia collected from Gyeongnam province (Jinju, Sancheong, Sacheon, Uiryeong, Hapcheon, and Goseong) and Sangju, Gyeongsbuk province. C. fukuii was isolated from T. aridifolia collected from Gunwi, Gyeongbuk province and Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi province. The C. japonensis parasitism of T. angustipennis and T. aridifolia was 27.0% and 10.7%, respectively. The number of C. japonensis in a host was from one to nine, but most was one from a host. The body length of C. japonensis showed tendency to decrease with number of parasites, but not significantly different. Horsehair worms did not affect body and abdomen length and digestive system of host. However, egg possession of host was different, that is, unparasitized T. angustipennis and T. aridifolia. had more eggs (63.7%) than parasitized ones (2.6%).

Amur silver grass, Miscanthus sacchariflorus is one of the promising biofuel crops. A damage of noctuid pest, Leucapamea askoldis was firstly observed from Amur silver grass in Hwasun silver grass plantation during the survey of insect pests of Amur silver grass in Iksan, Hwasun, and Sancheong plantation areas in Korea. The host of L. askoldis was not known yet in Korea. Thus, M. sacchariflorus was the first known host in Korea. The L. askoldis damage was observed as larval feeding on newly grown shoots of M. sacchariflorus close to soil surface from early April to early May in 2013. Investigated larval density was 1.6 ± 1.1 per m2 on April 4 and damage rate of shoots was 0.8% ± 0.4 per hundred plants on May 4, 2013. The larvae bore into shoots of M. sacchariflorus and then feed inside of plant. The damaged shoots are easily pulled out and distinguished by the boring hole on the shoots.

Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is associated with the pine wilt disease and transmitted by pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. Because pine sawyer has one-year life cycle, one natural infection of PWN is occurred a year. Therefore, artificial propagation method of PWN is needed to improve experiment associated with PWN. In this study, effect of diameter, paraffin sealing of twig and dosage on pine wood nematode reproduction in Japanese black pine, Pinus thunbergii. PWN reproduction was compared in twigs of P. thunbergii and P. densiflora. Numbers of reproduced PWN were higher with decreasing diameter of twig. Distance (5 and 10 cm) from inoculation site of PWN did not influence reproduction of PWN. Reproduced numbers of PWN were higher in the paraffin-sealing twig than non-sealing twig. Dosage of PWN influenced reproduction of PWN. Reproduction rate was the highest at the rate of 10 IJs (13.7 and 61.1-fold increasing in P. densiflora and P. thunbergii, respectively 30 days later) whereas lowest at the rate of 1000 Ijs (1.1 and 0.7-fold increasing in P. densiflora and P. thunbergii, respectively 30 days later). Numbers of reproduced PWN were more in P. thunbergii than P. densiflora.

Two new species of Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913 from sugar cane fields in Sudan, T. sudanensis and T. elamini are described and illustrated. T. sudanensis is characterized by rather medium body size female, L= 0.692 ㎜ long with rather medium stylet length of 20 – 23 ㎛. While T. elamini is characterized by medium body size female, L = 0.61 – 0.78 ㎜ long, medium stylet length of 16 –19 ㎛. Different characters of two new species are discussed. In addition, vital measurements and brief descriptions of two species are presented.

Fenvalerate, cypermethrin, furathiocarb 및 prothiofos에 대해 각각 581, 18, 19, 11배의 저항성을 보인 진주계통과 fenvalerate와 furathiocarb에 대해 각각 38배와 9배의 저항성을 나타내고 있는 함양.서상계동을 bifenthrin과 prothiofos의 혼합조합으로 방제하기 위해 실내 엽침지법과 포장방제시험을 수행하였다. Bifenthrin 1EC와 prothiofos 50EC을 1:50으로 혼합하여 실내엽침지법으로 처리하였을 때 공력계수가 273.2로 최고점에 도달한 후 급격히 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 침지법에서 가장 효과적이었던 혼용비율의 조합을 함양.서상현지 농가에서 실증시험을 수행한 결과, 처리구에서 처리약량을 절반으로 줄였음에도 배추좀나방의 방제효과가 농가관행구와 마찬가지로 우수하였다. 또한 이 조합은 여러가지 대표적인 살충제에 대해 높은 저항성을 나타내고 있는 진주지역계통에 대해서도 합리적인 농약혼합으로 저항성문제에 적절히 대처할 수 있음을 보여주었다.