In recent years, deaths and missing people have continuously occurred due to man overboard (MOB) and suicide on passenger ships. However, due to the complex deck structure and enlargement of passenger ships, closed-circuit television (CCTV) coverage is limited, and it is difficult to prevent accidents for all passengers with limited crews. Therefore, a real-time system for detecting high-risk blind spots on passenger ships is needed through risk analysis. This study used a combination of the following three risk factors to calculate and evaluate the risk of MOB and suicide by deck area of the passenger ship: 1) distance away from guard rails, 2) the visibility of CCTV, and 3) ship operating conditions. Based on the survey from experts, risk scores of MOB and suicide accidents by deck area on a passenger ship were yielded.

It has been more than three years since the emergence of the COVID-19 at the end of 2019. The COVID-19 epidemic has had a certain impact on human’s normal production and life, and it is also constantly changing people’s social cognition, which are reflected in the vocabulary. There are many new words invented and the words with a sudden increase in frequency appeared. This paper selects the important Chinese words related to the COVID-19 epidemic from 2019 to 2022 as the research objects, and divides these words into three categories: COVID-19 cognition, government measures and social life. By sorting out the meanings and usages of the words, this paper analyzes and explores the development trend of Chinese social cognition reflected by these words according to the timeline. The research found that these words reflect the gradual concretization of disease names caused by the COVID-19, the proliferation of the names of mutated virus, the sudden high frequency of related words, the strong generalization and creativity of words in specific fields, lots of related words come out in the era of intelligence and so on, as well as the spiritual thoughts and cultural cognition of Chinese people contained in the vocabulary.

The famous Korean monster Shizishan cited many documents to annotate “Shichaoshi”, which included ten seven-character Octaves written by the famous Tang poet Wen Tingyun. This paper tries to compare it to “The chronicle of Tang Poetry”, “Youxuan Anthology”, “Tang Poetry Guchui”, “Appreciation of Tang Poetry”, “Tang Poetry” and finds some dissimilarities among them. This paper aims to make a textual study on it and argue the merits and demerits of the dissimilarities. The quotations in “Shichaoshi” involved many ancient classics, but were given too simple explanation. For example, it didn’t annotate the well-known “Huanzi Xinlun”. What’s more, it abbreviated the book names, “Yu” for “Lunyu”, “Xuan” for “Wenxuan”, but it didn’t give an appendix of short forms. This will bring difficulty for the offspring to collect and edit the lost ancient books. It is the modern people’s responsibility to correct the mistakes made to the ancient classics in passing from generation to generation.

Chinese characters are one of the longest-running text in the world, which has not been abolished so far. East Asian countries, especially Northeast Asia, are inextricably linked by Chinese characters. Moreover, Chinese characters has been the Korean people’s writing system in the past two thousand years. Therefore, Chinese Character is an important component in Korean language. Korean vocabulary incluedes two systems, that is, original Korean vocabulary and Sino-Korean vocabulary. Original Korean is the vocabulary that used by Korean people for thousands of years. Sino-Korean is the vocabulary that borrowed from Chinese and Japanese words created by Chinese characters. In Korea, many scholars have carried out a detailed analysis and deep research about Chinese Characters. On the basis of the previous scholars’ research, this paper makes a preliminary study on the usage and status of Chinese characters in Korea, in view of the present situation of Korea. The first section pointed out the research background, purpose and method of this paper; the second section have reviewed results of previous studies and the process of Chinese Character’s education. Moreover, the status of Chinese Characters in Korea will be described; the third section focused on the usage and countermeasures of Chinese characters; Finally, the result of this paper has been summarized in the last section

Background : This study aimed to identify the mechanisms of the antinociceptive effects of PG in the fibromyalgia (FM)-like animal model. Methods and Results : To assess the possible effect of PG on FM symptoms, we constructed a FM animal model induced by intermittent cold stress with slight modification. All mice underwent nociceptive assays using electronic von Frey anesthesiometer and Hargreaves equipment. To assess the relation between PG and the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB), western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. In behavioral analysis, nociception tests showed that the pain threshold was significantly decreased in the FM group compared to control group. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus showed downregulation of BDNF and p-CREB proteins in the FM group compared to control group. PG recovered these changes at behavioral tests and protein level. These results provide evidence that the effects of PG extract in the FM model may be related to its modulating effect on the BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Conclusion : Our animal model may be involved in the mechanism by which PG extract is effective as a therapeutic agent for FM.