Abstract - We are aim to evaluate lysozyme and antibacterial activity of cultured catfish, Silurus asotus, that fed supplementally with Galla rhois extracts for eight weeks. Lysozyme activity in the spleen and serum of administrated group was higher than not administrated group, but in mucus of the lysozyme activity was no regular than other organ. The lysozyme activity of the spleen, kidney, serum of administrated fishes were increased after 2 weeks and that was highest after 8 weeks. Ht and GLU in serum of administrated fishes were gradually increased but GOT was decreased after 8 weeks. There is no significant differences in HB (Hemoglobin) and TP (Total Protein) each groups. Furthermore, there is no pathohistological changes of kidney and liver of tested fishes. The cumulative survival rates of administrated group after intraperitoneal injection of Aeromonas veronii with 6.5×106 cfu mL-1 was presented 33% in 9 days. As the Results, Galla rhois extracts has any beneficial effects for immunity elevation and antibacterial activity in catfish, Silurus asotus.

Shortfin eel (Anguilla bicolor pacifica) is a species of commercial importance and its production is greatly affected due to the infection by Heterosporis anguillarum. In this study, we evaluated the effect of H. anguillarum infection on the growth of Shortfin eel. A disease that trunk muscle of cultured shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor pacifica, were irregular and resulted in death, breakout of the commercial eel culture farm. We observed that the trunk muscle of infected eels were irregular and represented white or yellowish externally. Histopathologically, a great numbers of large or small spores and sporophorocysts were also observed in degenerated muscle layer. The cloning of specific gene of H. anguillarum, encoding small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from the muscle lesion of diseased eel. The size of clone gene is well matched with the size of small subunit ribosomal RNA of H. anguillarum and thus confirming the infection by H. anguillarum.

최근 국내의 양식 메기에 표피 박리와 근육 괴사를 특징으로 하는 새로운 질병이 발생하였다. 그 폐사율은 낮으나 질병으로 인한 상품가치의 저하로 경제적 손실이 크다. 병어로부터 원인균을 분리하고 자연감염어와 인위감염어의 병리학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 원인균은 Aeromonas veronii로 동정되었으며, 원인균을 건강어에 인위감염시켜 폐사 및 증상의 발현을 매일 관찰하였다. 인위감염된 어류의 증상은 자연감염어와 유사하였으며 원인균을 감염시킨 후 7일 이내에 모두 폐사하였다. 병어의 조직표본을 제작하여 관찰한 결과, 자연감염어의 간, 비장, 신장의 울혈 및 간세포 변성과 비장 협조직의 초자적변성이 관찰되었으며, 특히 심장에서 염증성 변성과 세균응집체가 관찰되었다. 소화관에서의 울혈과 점막고유층의 섬유화 현상도 특징적이었다. 자연감염어에 비해 약한 경향이지만 인위감염어의 조직학적 변화도 관찰되었으며, 소화관에서의 조직학적 변성은 관찰되지 않았다.

This report describes the sex differentiation of the Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii, from hatching to 170 days post-hatch (DPH) in relation to total length (TL), body weight (BW), and integral water temperature (IWT). The growth curve of TL from just hatching to 83 DPH was 5.144e0.045t (R² = 0.961; t, time), and that of BW was 2.398e0.086t (R² = 0.725). Primordial germ cells (PGCs) were observed at 17 DPH (7.9 mm TL, 3.74 mg BW, 374°C IWT), and thereafter began to protrude into the peritoneal cavity. At 21 DPH (9.2±0.14 mm TL, 4.8±0.07 mg BW, 462°C IWT), some PGCs contained condensed chromatin and oocyte were observed in meiotic prophase. In contrast to the ovaries, which grew gradually after sexual differentiation, testes began multiplying at 25 DPH (10.1 mm TL, 5.42 mg BW, 550°C IWT), when testicular differentiation was first identified, and multiplied continuously thereafter. At 33 DPH (11.2 mm TL, 10.5 mg BW, 726°C IWT), the developing testes contained spermatogonia that exhibited mitotic activity. No spermatocyte or sperm cell was observed until 83 DPH (18.9 TL, 48.2 mg BW, 1,826°C IWT). At 170 DPH (32.5 mm TL, 270.1 mg BW, 3,740°C IWT), which was the end point of this study, the mature ovaries showed germinal vesicle breakdown, while the mature testes contained observable spermatocytes and sperm cells. These results allow us to identify the sex differentiation type of the Korean rose bitterling as differentiated gonochoristic.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement of growth in Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio), and the cross experiment was carried out with two strains of Israeli carp. Four combinations of Israeli carp from Jeonbuk fisheries farm and Songpu mirror carp from Heilong Jiang, China (KK; Jeonbuk ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂, KC; Jeonbuk ♀ × China ♂, CC; China ♀ × China ♂ and CK; China ♀ × Jeonbuk ♂) were developed and reared. Body length, body weight and condition factor were determined at 20, 40, 60 and 170 days post-hatch (DPH). The results showed that there were differences in growth rate of the four groups. Body length of four groups were CK > CC > KC > KK and body weight were CC > CK > KC > KK at 170 DPH. The growth perfomance of four groups were statistically significant difference (P<0.05). During the rearing, CC group had longer length and higher weight at 170 DPH compared to other three groups and also condition factor was highest in the CC group, but there was no significant difference in a survival rate. These results indicated that the growth performance mainly depended upon brooder combination but survival rate could not significantly affect brooder.

Early life stage mortality in fish is one of the problems faced by loach aquaculture. However, our understanding of immune system in early life stage fish is still incomplete, and the information available is restricted to a few fish species. In the present work, we investigated the expression of immune-related transcripts in loach during early development. In fishes, recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) and sacsin (SACS) have been considered as immunological function. In this study, the expression of the both genes was assessed throughout the early developmental stages of loach using real-time PCR method. maRAG-1 mRNA was first detected in 0 dph, observed the increased mostly until 40 dph. Significant expression of maRAG-1 was detected in 0 to 40 dph. These patterns of expression may suggest that the loach start to develop its function after hatching. On the other hand, maSACS was detected in unfertilized oocyte to molura stages and 0 to 40 dph. maSACS mRNA transcripts were detected in unfertilized oocytes, suggesting that they are maternally transferred.

고려인삼은 예로부터 명약으로 중요한 약재로 사용해 왔으며 현대 약품에서도 다양한 용도로 이용되어지고 있다. 특히, 인삼의 효능이 알려지면서 세계 각국에선 Ginsenoside 추출방법 등 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인삼추출 시 가열온도와 시간에 따라 기능적 차이가 있는 Ginsenoside의 추출속도와 변화를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 실험방법은 동일 재배지에서 수확한 인삼을 백삼과 홍삼으로 가공한 후, 1.2cm간격으로 절단하여 각각 60g을 물 1800cc에 넣고 교반기(MSH-200-Set)에서 50℃, 80℃, 100℃로 각각 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 60, 72시간 가열하였다. 온도별 가열시간에 따라 추출한 물 30㎖를 분리, 정제한 후 HPLC(Perkin Elmer Series 200)를 이용하여 Ginsenoside를 분석하였다. 추출물의 갈변도는 백삼, 홍삼 모두에서 고온일수록, 시간이 경과함에 따라 갈색화 반응이 현저하게 진행되었으며 특히,홍삼의 경우100℃에서 갈변도가 가장 높았다. 추출물의 Crude Saponin변화는 백삼의 경우 50℃, 72시간에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었고 80℃에서는 24시간조건이 높은 경향을 보였으며 100℃에서는 48시간이 높았다. 총 Ginsenoside 함량은 50℃의 24시간조건에서 80℃의 48시간이 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 100℃에서는 6시간 조건이 높았다. 홍삼의 경우, 추출물의 Crude Saponin변화는 50℃의 60시간 조건이 높았고 80℃의 조건에서는 24시간이 높은 함량을 나타냈으며 100℃에서는 24시간 조건이 높았다. Ginsenoside 함량은 50℃의 60시간 조건과 80℃의 6시간, 100℃의 6시간 조건에서 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 이상에서 백삼과 홍삼의 가열온도와 시간에 따른 성분변화를 검토한 결과, 대체로 PT계에 비하여 PD계가 감소하는 것이 확인되었고 Rb2, Rb3가 80℃에서 높은 함량을 보였다. 특히, Rg1은 온도가 높을수록 함량이 감소 경향이 나타났으며 모든 온도에서 총 Ginsenside 함량은 80℃가 가장 높았다.