If radioactive plumes are released outside due to loss of containment building integrity during a nuclear power plant accident, these materials might travel with the wind, affecting both the surrounding environment and neighboring countries. In China, most nuclear power plants are located on the eastern coast. Consequently, a radioactive plume generated during an accident could negatively impact even the western part of the Korean Peninsula due to westerly winds. To detect such problems early, respond quickly, and protect residents, a system that can monitor aerial radiation under normal conditions is needed. Additionally, a detection system that can operate in real-time in an emergencies conditions is required. The current method for aerial radiation measurement takes environmental radiation data from a monitoring post 1.5 m above the ground and converts it to altitude. To measure actual aerial radiation, an expansive area is surveyed by aircraft. However, this approach is both time-consuming and expensive. Thus, to monitor radioactive plumes influenced by environmental factors like wind, we need a radiation detector that can gauge both radioactivity and directionality. In this study, we developed a radiation detector capable of assessing both the radioactivity and directionality of a radioactive plume and conducted its performance evaluation. We miniaturized the radiation detector using a CZT (Cadmium Zinc Telluride) sensor, enabling its mounting on unmanned aerial vehicles like drones. It is configured with multi-channels to measure directionality of a radioactive plumes. For performance evaluation, we positioned two-channel CZT sensors at 90 degrees and measured the energy spectrum for angle and distance using a disk-type radioactive isotope. Using this method, we compared and analyzed the directionality performance of the multi-channel radiation detector. We also confirmed its capability to discern specific radioactivity information and nuclide types in actual radioactive plumes. Our future research direction involves mounting the multi-channel radiation detector on a drone. We aim to gather actual aerial radiation data from sensors positioned in various directions.

버섯 다당류는 면역 조절 기능, 항암 및 항산화 활성을 비롯하여 항바이러스 활성과 방사선 스트레스의 경감 등 인체에 유익한 다양한 생리활성을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 분홍느타리버섯 (Pleurotus djamor var. roseus Corner)으 로부터 뜨거운 물과 에탄올 침전을 이용하여 5.6%의 수율로 갈색을 띠는 경화된 다당류(CPs)를 순차적으로 추출하였다. 이렇게 추출된 CP는 Diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE) 및 sepharose-6B 컬럼 분리를 통해 4개의 분획을 얻었고 각 분획의 총 글루칸 함량은 각각 76.85%, 2.95%, 75.08%, 1.46%로 밝혀졌다. 이중 가장 높은 수율의 분획 (PP)으로부터 300 mg의 백색 분말이 얻어 졌으며, 박층 크로마토그래피(TLC)와 푸리에 변환 적외선 분광법(FTIR) 의 결과로부터 자일로펜토스 유형의 화합물과 함께 다당류 부분의 존재를 확인하였다. PP의 항산화 활성은 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) 자유라디칼 소거 분석 및 슈퍼옥사이드 라디칼 소거 분석을 통하여 높은 활성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. PP분획에는 페놀, 단백질 및 단순 탄수화물이 없는 정제된 베타글루칸이 주 구성성분으로, 정 제된 다당류가 천연 항산화제로 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Although ex situ target strength (TS) measurements using dual- and split-beam systems have become the primary approach of estimating fish abundance, theoretical model estimation is a powerful tool for verifying the measurements, as well as for providing values when making direct measurements is difficult. TS values for 20 samples of live bambooleaf wrasse (Pseudolabrus japonicus) whose target length (TL) ranged between 13.7 and 21.3 cm were estimated theoretically using the Kirchhoff-ray mode model, and the TS values for 18 live fish samples were additionally measured at ~0° tilt angle to the swimming aspect using a tethered method at a frequency of 120 kHz to verify the theoretical values. The digitizing intervals used to extract the fish body and swim bladder morphology in the X-ray photographs significantly affected the calculated TS patterns, but variations based on the speed of sound and density ratio values for the general range of fish flesh were relatively small (within 1 dB). Close agreement was observed between the measured and theoretical TS values, and the correlation between the average TS and body length of the fish could be calculated accurately as <TS120kHz>= 20logTL (cm) –71.6 using the theoretical method.

본 연구는 거베라 ‘Harmony’, ‘Sunshine’, ‘Pink melody’를 대상으로 화경 기부의 절단 정도와 수확 후 물올림 시기에 따른 수분 흡수 및 생체중 변화가 절화수명에 미치는 영향을 알아보자 수행되었다. 실험 결과 3 품종 모두 수분흡수, 생체중, 절화수명 및 수분 이동에서 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 화경 기부를 각각 3cm, 5cm, 10cm절단한 절화는 무절단과 절단 1cm 처리구에 비해서 일일수분흡수량은 더 많았고, 최초 생체중 대비 생체중 감소율은 더 낮았으며, 이로 인해 절화수명은 2-5일 연장되었다. 화경 기부의 절단 유무에 따른 수분흡수량 차이의 원인을 구명하기 위하여 현미경 검경을 통해 수분의이동 경로를 관찰한 결과, 화경 기부를 3cm 절단한 경우에는 목부 뿐만 아니라 목부섬유, 사부섬유, 수조직의 주변 세포 등을 통해 수분이 이동하는 반면, 화경 기부를 절단하지 않은 경우에는 목부로만 수분이 이동하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 수확 후 물올림 시작 시기의 지연이 거베라의 절화수명에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 화경 기부를 절단하지 않고 물올림 시작 시기를 지연한 절화는 지연된 시간이 길어질수록 화경굽음 및 꽃잎위조 현상이 점차 증가하였으며 절화수명도 짧아진 반면, 화경 기부를 절단한 경우에는 수확 후 12시간 까지물올림을 지연 했음에도 불구하고 절화수명에는 유의한차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 물에 침지한 후 물관을 포함한 다양한 유관속 조직을 통하여 흡수된 많은 양의 수분이 화경과 꽃잎세포의 팽압을 회복하는데 조력했기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

As a preceding study for investigating the influence of sound wave stimulus on Arabidopsis thaliana metabolomics, the polar secondary metabolomes of the plant were determined using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 10 polar secondary metabolomes were characterized and quantified. Among them, 4 metabolomes, p-coumaroylagmatine isomer (7 and 8), p-coumaroylagmatine isomer (9 and 10) were identified in the plant for the first time. The validation was conducted in terms of linearity, recovery, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The validated method was applied to the simultaneous quantification of the 10 polar secondary metabolomes.

Next Generation Small Satellite-1 (NEXTSat-1) is scheduled to launch in 2017 and Instruments for the Study of Space Storm (ISSS) is planned to be onboard the NEXTSat-1. High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) is one of the equipment comprising ISSS and the main objective of HEPD is to measure the high energy particles streaming into the Earth radiation belt during the event of a space storm, especially, electrons and protons, to obtain the flux information of those particles. For the design of HEPD, the Geometrical Factor was calculated to be 0.05 to be consistent with the targets of measurement and the structure of telescope with field of view of 33.4° was designed using this factor. In order to decide the thickness of the detector sensor and the classification of the detection channels, a simulation was performed using GEANT4. Based on the simulation results, two silicon detectors with 1 mm thickness were selected and the aluminum foil of 0.05 mm is placed right in front of the silicon detectors to shield low energy particles. The detection channels are divided into an electron channel and two proton channels based on the measured LET of the particle. If the measured LET is less than 0.8 MeV, the particle belongs to the electron channel, otherwise it belongs to proton channels. HEPD is installed in the direction of 0°,45°,90° against the along-track of a satellite to enable the efficient measurement of high energy particles. HEPD detects electrons with the energy of 0.1 MeV to several MeV and protons with the energy of more than a few MeV. Thus, the study on the dynamic mechanism of these particles in the Earth radiation belt will be performed.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs of approximately 21-nt which play important roles in regulating gene expression in plants. Although many miRNA studies have focused on a few model plants, the miRNAs and their target genes remain largely unknown in pepper, one of the most important crops cultivated worldwide. Here we employed high-throughput small RNA sequencing to extensively identify miRNAs in pepper from 10 different libraries, including leaf, stem, root, flower, and six developmental stage fruits. Based on bioinformatics pipeline, we successfully identified 29 and 35 families of conserved and novel miRNAs, respectively. We noticed that some miRNAs, whose targets were validated experimentally in this study, exhibited prominent changes in expression levels during fruit development stages. From the qRT-PCR analysis of the target mRNAs, including the SBP-transcription factor and F-box protein, we found that expression of these two target mRNAs gradually decreased in general during fruit development and was negatively correlated with the expression of their corresponding miRNAs. The validation of miRNA-directed cleavage of these target mRNAs, combined with the results of qRT-PCR analysis, likely suggests that some miRNAs in pepper may play a role in fruit development. Conclusively, our study first utilizes high-throughput sequencing to identify and characterize conserved and novel miRNAs and their targets in pepper, providing a basis for understanding the functional roles of miRNAs in pepper.

The objective of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition of newly developed tissues of germinated soybean seeds. Five soybean accessions with varied fatty acid composition were allowed to germinate in sand under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings were picked up after 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days of germination and freeze dried. The fatty acid composition of the newly developed tissues was analyzed by gas chromatography. Significant variation in fatty acid composition was observed between accessions, days of germination, and variety × day of germination in whole and the cotyledons. In the case of newly developed five tissues, significant variation in fatty acid composition were observed between days of germination except oleic acid for root, hypocotyl and epicotyl stem and except stearic acid for hypocotyl and unifoliate leaves while all the parameters were significantly different for accession. Significant interactions of accession and days of germination were observed for palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acid in all tissues; only for oleic acid in hypocotyl, epicotyl and unifoliate leaves; and only for stearic acid in root, hypocotyl, epicotyl and unifoliate leaves. During germination, the fatty acid composition of newly developed tissues changed dramatically but whole seedlings and cotyledons changed slightly. These tissues contained five major fatty acids as found in original seeds, but compositions were totally different from that of the seed: higher in palmitic, stearic and linolenic acid and lower in oleic and linoleic acid. New tissues conserved their fatty acid compositions regardless of genotypic variation in the original seeds.

Oil and fatty acid composition of 648 soybean germplasms of different categories including Korean and American source were analyzed by NIRS (Near Infrared Reflectance Spectrophotometer) method at Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, Milyang, Korea. A

Oil and fatty acid compositions of 1,429 germplasms including 1,121 cultivated soybeans for sprout production and 308wild soybeans were analyzed by the NIRS (Near Infrared Reflectance Spectrophotometer) method at Yeongnam AgriculturalResearch Institute, M