Pellino, a highly conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase, is known to mediate ubiquitination of phosphorylated Interleukin-1 receptor-related kinase (IRAK) homologs in Toll signaling pathway. To understand the immunological function of TmPellino, we screened the knockdown efficiency of TmPellino by injecting TmPellino-specific dsRNA into T. molitor larvae. Subsequently, we investigated the larval mortality and the tissue-specific expression patterns of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes against microbial challenges. Interestingly, the results indicate that the expression of many AMP genes was upregulated in the Malpighian tubules of TmPellino-silenced T. molitor larvae. This study may provide basic information to understand how Tmpellino regulates AMPs production in T. molitor.

The spotted wing drosophila(Drosophila suzukii)is one of the serious fruit pest that has a wide range of fruit crops like blueberries, cherries and grapes. It came up the larvae cause dagmage by feeding on the pulp inside fruits and berries and spotted wing drosophila also has a adversely affect export to Austrailia and New zealand as a quarantine pest. This study conduct to survey occurrence of drosophila spp. from 2016 to 2018 on harvest period of grapevine in vinyard of Okcheon ,Yeongdong and fruit packing place for export to New zealand and USA. Vinegar and wine mixture was used to attract fruits flies. We also investigated to what color is the best stimulus to catch a vinegar flies. Our result shows that significant differences were observed in total flies trapped in red and black colors. This study will contribute to future research for monitoring and control drosophilid flies.